Environmental science-Environmental pollution and its types-Their causes, effects and preventions

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Environment

•       All living and non living factors affecting an organism and ultimately determining its form and survival is known as “ENVIRONMENT”

Environmental Pollution

•       Environmental Pollution can be defined as any undesirable change in physical, chemical, or biological characteristics of  any component of the environment i.e. air, water, soil which can cause harmful effects on various forms of life or property.

Pollution

•       Pollution : The term pollution can be defined as influence of any substance causing  harmful effects, and uneasiness to the organisms

Types of Pollution

•       There are many types of pollution

1. Air pollution
2. Noise pollution
3. Water pollution
4. Soil pollution

What is Atmosphere

•       Atmosphere is the life blanket of Earth.

•       Air is considered safe when it contains no harmful dust and gases

Air pollution

•       Air pollution is the introduction of chemicals, particulate matter, or biological materials that cause harm or discomfort to humans or other living organisms, or cause damage to the natural environment or built environment, into the atmosphere

Causes of Air Pollution

Major sources of Air Pollution:

•       Industries.

•       Automobiles and Domestic fuels

•       High Proportion of undesirable gases, such as sulphur dioxide and carbon monoxide

•       Dust       (e.g.       cement dust,      foundry dust and windblown solid dust)

•       Mist.

•       Smoke.

•       Carbon black.

•       Aerosols.

Effects of Air Pollution

•       The atmosphere as a whole.

•       Global Warming

•       Ozone depletion

•       Various  respiratory illness

•       Animals

•       Plants

•       Human beings

•       Acid Rain

How to Avoid Air Pollution?

Yes, we can avoid pollution As Follows:

•       Use natural Gases, like LPG (Liquefied Petroleum Gas) autos.

•       Do not Burst Crackers.

•       Use less Amount of Fuel for Vehicles.

•       Avoid using and use electric stoves (bio gas).

Water pollution

•       Any physical (temperature, oxygen), chemical (mercury), or biological (disease, sewage) change to water that adversely affects its use by alive beings

      Effects of water pollution

•       Diseases like Cholera.

•       Malaria.

•       Typhoid (spread during the rainy season).

•       Aquatic life          gets destroyed.

How to Avoid Water Pollution

•       Rivers should not be used for washing clothes or bathing animals in.

•       Harvesting of Rainwater to meet water requirements

•       Dams  must be created.

•       The rivers must not be contaminated.

•       In rivers the dead bodies shouldn’t thrown.

NOISE POLLUTION

•       Noise can be simply defined as unwanted sound.

•       The sound is pleasant or not depends upon its loudness, duration, rhythm and the mood of the person.

•       Noise pollution not only results in irritation and anger.

•       Noise Levels: Decibels (dB)

•Intensity

•Frequency

•Periods of exposure and

•Duration

Causes of Noise Pollution

•       Traffic Noise.

•       Aircraft Noise.

•       Noise from construction and civil engineering works.

•       Noise from the Industries.

•       Noise from other sources.

Effects of Noise Pollution

•       Hearing Loss.

•       High Blood Pressure.

•       Stress.

•       Sleep Disturbance.

How to Avoid Noise Pollution

•       The Government should ensure the new machines that Should be noise proof.

•       Airports must be away from residential area.

•       The Sound horn symbol is to be in School Roads.

•       Control noise at source by proper choice of equipment, design modification, mounting and proper layout.

•       Isolation or use of baffles.

•       Use of ear protection devices.

LAND POLLUTION

•       One fourth of area is covered by land.

•       Land is a earth which is occupied by people for shelter, occupation, etc...

Causes of Land Pollution

•       We         can classify major sources in the following Categories:

•Mining& Erosion.

•Household Garbage.

•Urbanization and Concentration of Population.

•Municipal Solid Waste.

•Industrial Waste and Hazardous Waste.

•Uncontrolled Land Treatment.

•Burning open dumps and forest fires.

•Deforestation.

Effects of Land Pollution

•The Land Cannot use to build houses.

•Man cannot be farming.

•Ground water will gets Affected.

•Death of the animals that inhabit the land.

Prevention of Land Pollution

•More and more land should be brought under farming.

•Trees should be planted everywhere.

•Waste matter should be disposed immediately.

•Avoid drilling the Land for more underground water.

•Avoid using more fertilizers and Pesticides

•Good agricultural practices.

•Remediation of polluted soils.

Climate change

•       The climate of Earth change day by day.

•       Due to Climate change  the tempe

rature of earth  is increasing  day by day.

•       Climate change is increasing the frequency and intensity of natural events like:

a)       Wild fires

b)      Heat waves

c)       Rain stromes

Effect of climate change:

•       Disturb food production

•       Causes of famines

Water crisis

•       Only 2.5 % is fresh water present on the earth for the animals ,plants and for people.

''The shortage of water at a particular area is called Water crisis.''

Causes

•       Overuse of water

•       70% water is use for agriculture

Effects

•       Physical illness in people &also in animals.

•       Increasing in the death rate

Global Warming On The Rise

•       Global warming is rapid increase in the temperature of earth's atmosphere and oceans in the past few years.

•       The negative effects of Global warming are heat waves, unusual warm weather, ocean warming, rise in sea level, and coastal flooding.

•       Melting of the glaciers which have proven to be extremely dangerous.