History of Agriculture

<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgA8tZCrdPhkr884ZMfuDaCQaaPjh30DxXjzM31b8TGS_dPcEhyYVSQl6yBiPSrvnQN5sp1CVP8RWdRyZLrhuyQ8NZLrtgQdoMDiYX_o89LMHdh0zNC0g6CujOmqpbxikD3U6pjwg3X-bsA/s1600/nature-3526840_1920.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="The history of farming is the narrative of mankind's advancement and development of procedures for delivering sustenance, feed, fiber, fuel, and different products by the precise raising of plants and creatures. Before the improvement of plant development, people were seekers and gatherers. The information and ability of figuring out how to think about the dirt and development of plants propelled the advancement of human culture, enabling families and clans to remain in one area a great many generations. Archeological proof demonstrates that such advancements happened at least 10,000 years back. Due to farming, urban areas and in addition exchange relations between various districts and gatherings of individuals grew, additionally empowering the progression of human social orders and societies. Agribusiness has been a vital part of financial matters during the time preceding and after the Industrial Revolution. Supportable improvement of world sustenance supplies affects the long haul survival of the species, so care must be taken to guarantee that agrarian strategies stay in amicability with nature. It is happened somewhere in the range of 7,000 and 10,000 years’ back Proof proposes that water system initially showed up in Egypt and Mesopotamia in the 6th thousand years B.C. Different society started burrowing and repairing trench systems, which controlled the stream of waterways, for example, the Nile River in Egypt. Surges caused by the yearly immersion of the Nile would have had appalling impacts for antiquated agriculturists, washing endlessly dams and overwhelming fields. On the other hand, when the waters were low the land became scarce, murdering crops. The trench organizes in the end formed into advanced water system frameworks. The most established strategy for water system, which made utilization of man-made underground streams called Qantas, is as yet being utilized in parts of the Middle East. Amid the Bronze Age and the times that pursued, human advancements everywhere throughout the world bit by bit developed or gained propelled metalworking strategies, making ever-more grounded cultivating actualizes. People kept taming creatures and plants to fill in as sustenance sources or wellsprings of other valuable items. Amid the Middle Ages, European ranchers started utilizing complex water system frameworks, for example, dams, supplies, and water-raising machines. They additionally built up the three-field arrangement of yield revolution and the moldboard furrow. These innovations enormously expanded the proficiency of horticulture... Modern Era After 1492, a worldwide trade of beforehand neighborhood harvests and domesticated animal’s breeds happened. Enter crops engaged with this trade incorporated the tomato, maize, potato, cocoa and tobacco going from the New World to the Old, and a few assortments of wheat, flavors, espresso, and sugar stick going from the Old World to the New. The most critical creature exportations from the Old World to the New were those of the pony and canine (mutts were at that point present in the pre-Columbian Americas yet not in the numbers and breeds suited to cultivate work). In spite of the fact that not generally sustenance creatures, the steed (counting jackasses and horses) and puppy immediately filled fundamental generation jobs on western half of the globe ranches. By the mid 1800s, agrarian methods, executes, seed stocks and developed plants chose and given an extraordinary name due to its beautiful or valuable attributes had so enhanced that yield per arrive unit was ordinarily that found in the Middle Ages. With the quick ascent of motorization in the late nineteenth and twentieth hundreds of years, especially as the tractor, cultivating undertakings should be possible with a speed and on a scale beforehand outlandish. These advances have prompted efficiencies empowering certain cutting edge cultivates in the United States, Argentina, Israel, Germany, and a couple of different countries to yield volumes of brilliant create per arrive unit at what might be as far as possible. The Haber-Bosch strategy for orchestrating ammonium nitrate spoke to a noteworthy leap forward and permitted trim respects beat past limitations. In the previous century agribusiness has been portrayed by upgraded efficiency, the substitution of work for manufactured composts and pesticides, specific rearing, motorization, water contamination, and ranch sponsorships. Lately there has been a reaction against the outside natural impacts of regular horticulture, bringing about the natural development. Rural investigation undertakings, since the late nineteenth century, have been mounted to discover new species and new horticultural practices in various regions of the world. Two early models of endeavors incorporate Frank N. Meyer's products of the soil gathering trek to China and Japan from 1916 - 1918 and the Dorsett-Morse Oriental Agricultural Exploration Expedition to China, Japan, and Korea from 1929 - 1931 to gather soybean germplasm to help the ascent in soybean horticulture in the United States. In 2005, the farming yield of China was the biggest on the planet, representing just about one-6th world offer pursued by the EU, India and the USA, as indicated by the International Monetary Fund. Market analysts measure the aggregate factor profitability of farming and by this measure agribusiness in the United States is about 2.6 times more beneficial than it was in 1948." border="0" data-original-height="1067" data-original-width="1600" height="426" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgA8tZCrdPhkr884ZMfuDaCQaaPjh30DxXjzM31b8TGS_dPcEhyYVSQl6yBiPSrvnQN5sp1CVP8RWdRyZLrhuyQ8NZLrtgQdoMDiYX_o89LMHdh0zNC0g6CujOmqpbxikD3U6pjwg3X-bsA/s640/nature-3526840_1920.jpg" title="The history of farming is the narrative of mankind's advancement and development of procedures for delivering sustenance, feed, fiber, fuel, and different products by the precise raising of plants and creatures. Before the improvement of plant development, people were seekers and gatherers. The information and ability of figuring out how to think about the dirt and development of plants propelled the advancement of human culture, enabling families and clans to remain in one area a great many generations. Archeological proof demonstrates that such advancements happened at least 10,000 years back. Due to farming, urban areas and in addition exchange relations between various districts and gatherings of individuals grew, additionally empowering the progression of human social orders and societies. Agribusiness has been a vital part of financial matters during the time preceding and after the Industrial Revolution. Supportable improvement of world sustenance supplies affects the long haul survival of the species, so care must be taken to guarantee that agrarian strategies stay in amicability with nature. It is happened somewhere in the range of 7,000 and 10,000 years’ back Proof proposes that water system initially showed up in Egypt and Mesopotamia in the 6th thousand years B.C. Different society started burrowing and repairing trench systems, which controlled the stream of waterways, for example, the Nile River in Egypt. Surges caused by the yearly immersion of the Nile would have had appalling impacts for antiquated agriculturists, washing endlessly dams and overwhelming fields. On the other hand, when the waters were low the land became scarce, murdering crops. The trench organizes in the end formed into advanced water system frameworks. The most established strategy for water system, which made utilization of man-made underground streams called Qantas, is as yet being utilized in parts of the Middle East. Amid the Bronze Age and the times that pursued, human advancements everywhere throughout the world bit by bit developed or gained propelled metalworking strategies, making ever-more grounded cultivating actualizes. People kept taming creatures and plants to fill in as sustenance sources or wellsprings of other valuable items. Amid the Middle Ages, European ranchers started utilizing complex water system frameworks, for example, dams, supplies, and water-raising machines. They additionally built up the three-field arrangement of yield revolution and the moldboard furrow. These innovations enormously expanded the proficiency of horticulture... Modern Era After 1492, a worldwide trade of beforehand neighborhood harvests and domesticated animal’s breeds happened. Enter crops engaged with this trade incorporated the tomato, maize, potato, cocoa and tobacco going from the New World to the Old, and a few assortments of wheat, flavors, espresso, and sugar stick going from the Old World to the New. The most critical creature exportations from the Old World to the New were those of the pony and canine (mutts were at that point present in the pre-Columbian Americas yet not in the numbers and breeds suited to cultivate work). In spite of the fact that not generally sustenance creatures, the steed (counting jackasses and horses) and puppy immediately filled fundamental generation jobs on western half of the globe ranches. By the mid 1800s, agrarian methods, executes, seed stocks and developed plants chose and given an extraordinary name due to its beautiful or valuable attributes had so enhanced that yield per arrive unit was ordinarily that found in the Middle Ages. With the quick ascent of motorization in the late nineteenth and twentieth hundreds of years, especially as the tractor, cultivating undertakings should be possible with a speed and on a scale beforehand outlandish. These advances have prompted efficiencies empowering certain cutting edge cultivates in the United States, Argentina, Israel, Germany, and a couple of different countries to yield volumes of brilliant create per arrive unit at what might be as far as possible. The Haber-Bosch strategy for orchestrating ammonium nitrate spoke to a noteworthy leap forward and permitted trim respects beat past limitations. In the previous century agribusiness has been portrayed by upgraded efficiency, the substitution of work for manufactured composts and pesticides, specific rearing, motorization, water contamination, and ranch sponsorships. Lately there has been a reaction against the outside natural impacts of regular horticulture, bringing about the natural development. Rural investigation undertakings, since the late nineteenth century, have been mounted to discover new species and new horticultural practices in various regions of the world. Two early models of endeavors incorporate Frank N. Meyer's products of the soil gathering trek to China and Japan from 1916 - 1918 and the Dorsett-Morse Oriental Agricultural Exploration Expedition to China, Japan, and Korea from 1929 - 1931 to gather soybean germplasm to help the ascent in soybean horticulture in the United States. In 2005, the farming yield of China was the biggest on the planet, representing just about one-6th world offer pursued by the EU, India and the USA, as indicated by the International Monetary Fund. Market analysts measure the aggregate factor profitability of farming and by this measure agribusiness in the U" width="640" /></a></div> <h2 style="text-align: left;"> <br /></h2> <h2 style="text-align: left;"> History of Agriculture</h2> <div class="MsoNormal"> The history of farming is the narrative of mankind's advancement and development of procedures for delivering sustenance, feed, fiber, fuel, and different products by the precise raising of plants and creatures. Before the improvement of plant development, people were seekers and gatherers. The information and ability of figuring out how to think about the dirt and development of plants propelled the advancement of human culture, enabling families and clans to remain in one area a great many generations. Archeological proof demonstrates that such advancements happened at least 10,000 years back. Due to farming, urban areas and in addition exchange relations between various districts and gatherings of individuals grew, additionally empowering the progression of human social orders and societies. Agribusiness has been a vital part of financial matters during the time preceding and after the Industrial Revolution. Supportable improvement of world sustenance supplies affects the long haul survival of the species, so care must be taken to guarantee that agrarian strategies stay in amicability with nature.<o:p></o:p></div> <div class="MsoNormal"> It is happened somewhere in the range of 7,000 and 10,000 years’ back<o:p></o:p></div> <div class="MsoNormal"> Proof proposes that water system initially showed up in Egypt and Mesopotamia in the 6th thousand years B.C. Different society started burrowing and repairing trench systems, which controlled the stream of waterways, for example, the Nile River in Egypt. Surges caused by the yearly immersion of the Nile would have had appalling impacts for antiquated agriculturists, washing endlessly dams and overwhelming fields. On the other hand, when the waters were low the land became scarce, murdering crops. The trench organizes in the end formed into advanced water system frameworks. The most established strategy for water system, which made utilization of man-made underground streams called Qantas, is as yet being utilized in parts of the Middle East. <o:p></o:p></div> <div class="MsoNormal"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoNormal"> Amid the Bronze Age and the times that pursued, human advancements everywhere throughout the world bit by bit developed or gained propelled metalworking strategies, making ever-more grounded cultivating actualizes. People kept taming creatures and plants to fill in as sustenance sources or wellsprings of other valuable items. Amid the Middle Ages, European ranchers started utilizing complex water system frameworks, for example, dams, supplies, and water-raising machines. They additionally built up the three-field arrangement of yield revolution and the moldboard furrow. These innovations enormously expanded the proficiency of horticulture...<o:p></o:p></div> <div class="MsoNormal"> <b><span style="background: white; font-size: 13.5pt; line-height: 107%;">Modern Era<o:p></o:p></span></b></div> <div class="MsoNormal"> After 1492, a worldwide trade of beforehand neighborhood harvests and domesticated animal’s breeds happened. Enter crops engaged with this trade incorporated the tomato, maize, potato, cocoa and tobacco going from the New World to the Old, and a few assortments of wheat, flavors, espresso, and sugar stick going from the Old World to the New. The most critical creature exportations from the Old World to the New were those of the pony and canine (mutts were at that point present in the pre-Columbian Americas yet not in the numbers and breeds suited to cultivate work). In spite of the fact that not generally sustenance creatures, the steed (counting jackasses and horses) and puppy immediately filled fundamental generation jobs on western half of the globe ranches. <o:p></o:p></div> <div class="MsoNormal"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoNormal"> By the mid 1800s, agrarian methods, executes, seed stocks and developed plants chose and given an extraordinary name due to its beautiful or valuable attributes had so enhanced that yield per arrive unit was ordinarily that found in the Middle Ages. With the quick ascent of motorization in the late nineteenth and twentieth hundreds of years, especially as the tractor, cultivating undertakings should be possible with a speed and on a scale beforehand outlandish. These advances have prompted efficiencies empowering certain cutting edge cultivates in the United States, Argentina, Israel, Germany, and a couple of different countries to yield volumes of brilliant create per arrive unit at what might be as far as possible. <o:p></o:p></div> <div class="MsoNormal"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoNormal"> The Haber-Bosch strategy for orchestrating ammonium nitrate spoke to a noteworthy leap forward and permitted trim respects beat past limitations. In the previous century agribusiness has been portrayed by upgraded efficiency, the substitution of work for manufactured composts and pesticides, specific rearing, motorization, water contamination, and ranch sponsorships. Lately there has been a reaction against the outside natural impacts of regular horticulture, bringing about the natural development. <o:p></o:p></div> <div class="MsoNormal"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoNormal"> Rural investigation undertakings, since the late nineteenth century, have been mounted to discover new species and new horticultural practices in various regions of the world. Two early models of endeavors incorporate Frank N. Meyer's products of the soil gathering trek to China and Japan from 1916 - 1918 and the Dorsett-Morse Oriental Agricultural Exploration Expedition to China, Japan, and Korea from 1929 - 1931 to gather soybean germplasm to help the ascent in soybean horticulture in the United States. <o:p></o:p></div> <div class="MsoNormal"> <br /></div> <br /> <div class="MsoNormal"> In 2005, the farming yield of China was the biggest on the planet, representing just about one-6th world offer pursued by the EU, India and the USA, as indicated by the International Monetary Fund. Market analysts measure the aggregate factor profitability of farming and by this measure agribusiness in the United States is about 2.6 times more beneficial than it was in 1948.<o:p></o:p></div> </div>

History of Agriculture

History of Agriculture The history of farming is the narrative of mankind's advancement and development of procedures for delive...

+ Read more »

Determination of Soil Organic Matter by Walkley Method

<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjB4QAR3V5IfQb5owXF0lqs0Fiw1dktum0Wqc2IkKTgBmuLXMihjqw0UUzdlbJtC2C0NLRhmpc3Lyd-CdgD0xZtbGtgZsIHZljuKgyoz5L3U7oB-t8xfp_D4x0CfkH2s4sdk8RJR3Nl-0xi/s1600/soil-766281_1920.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="Determination of Soil Organic Matter by Walkley Method" border="0" data-original-height="1064" data-original-width="1600" height="424" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjB4QAR3V5IfQb5owXF0lqs0Fiw1dktum0Wqc2IkKTgBmuLXMihjqw0UUzdlbJtC2C0NLRhmpc3Lyd-CdgD0xZtbGtgZsIHZljuKgyoz5L3U7oB-t8xfp_D4x0CfkH2s4sdk8RJR3Nl-0xi/s640/soil-766281_1920.jpg" title="Determination of Soil Organic Matter by Walkley Method" width="640" /></a></div> <h2> <b><span lang="EN-US"><br /></span></b></h2> <h2> <b><span lang="EN-US">Determination of soil organic matter (By wet method)</span></b></h2> <h3> <b><span lang="EN-US">Organic matter</span></b></h3> <div class="MsoNormal"> <span lang="EN-US">Remains of plants (roots, leaves and shoots) and dead animals and decay of animal products can build organic residues 9in soil.</span></div> <div class="MsoNormal"> <span lang="EN-US">Soil organic matter can have determined by soil organic kits and wet chromate method (Walkley, 1947). Soil organic matter gives you rough values. Soil cannot be used at present time. In humid regions the organic carbon is an indicator of % organic matter in soil. In humid region the organic carbon is high and at the same time in dry areas organic carbon iv low as compared to the humid region.</span></div> <div class="MsoNormal"> <span lang="EN-US">If organic carbon is greater or equal than 50% then it is muck soil and if the organic carbon is greater or equal than 20% then the soil is peat soil. In Pakistan the organic carbon is less than 1%.</span></div> <h3> <b><span lang="EN-US">Principle</span></b></h3> <div class="MsoNormal"> <span lang="EN-US">This method involves or relies upon oxidation of potassium dichromate by organic compound and remaining reduced from K2Cr2O7 can further undergo oxidation reduction by ferrous sulphate titration.</span></div> <h3> <b><span lang="EN-US">Apparatus</span></b></h3> <div class="MsoNormal"> <span lang="EN-US">Dispenser, pipette, burette, magnet stirrer, Teflon, capped stirrer.</span></div> <h3> <b><span lang="EN-US">Reagents</span></b></h3> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18.0pt;"> <!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US">1.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">       </span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="EN-US">1 N of K2Cr2O7</span></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18.0pt;"> <!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US">2.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">       </span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="EN-US">0.5 M FeSO4 + 5 ml concentrated sulfuric acid</span></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18.0pt;"> <!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US">3.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">       </span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="EN-US">Concentrated H2SO4 (98% pure specific gravity of 1.84 w/w)</span></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18.0pt;"> <!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US">4.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">       </span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="EN-US">Phosphoric acid (H3PO4)</span></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18.0pt;"> <!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US">5.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">       </span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="EN-US">Diphenyl-amine indicator (1g of diphenylamine in100 ml of concentrated H2SO4). Don’t make indicator in water.</span></div> <h3> <b><span lang="EN-US">Procedure</span></b></h3> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -18.0pt;"> <!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "symbol"; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">         </span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="EN-US">1g air dry soil in 500ml beaker.</span></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -18.0pt;"> <!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "symbol"; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">         </span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="EN-US">10ml K2Cr2O7 in it by pipette.</span></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -18.0pt;"> <!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "symbol"; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">         </span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="EN-US">Add 20ml concentrated H2SO4 with the help of dispenser and then add 10ml H3PO4 by dispenser.</span></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -18.0pt;"> <!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "symbol"; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">         </span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="EN-US">Wait for at least 10 minute.</span></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -18.0pt;"> <!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "symbol"; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">         </span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="EN-US">Now add 200 ml DI water.</span></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -18.0pt;"> <!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "symbol"; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">         </span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="EN-US">Add 10-15 drops od diphenyl indicator.</span></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -18.0pt;"> <!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "symbol"; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">         </span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="EN-US">Now titrate the solution with 0.5 M feslous sulphate until you don’t get green colour.</span></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -18.0pt;"> <!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "symbol"; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">         </span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="EN-US">Always use two blanks samples for measurements of soil organic matter.</span></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -18.0pt;"> <!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "symbol"; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">         </span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="EN-US">Further these blanks samples must undergo the same procedure expect the addition of soil.</span></div> <h3> <b><span lang="EN-US">Calculation</span></b></h3> <div class="MsoNormal"> <b><span lang="EN-US">M</span></b><span lang="EN-US">= 10<b>/</b> volume of blank sample</span></div> <div class="MsoNormal"> <b><span lang="EN-US">% oxidizable carbon (w/w)</span></b><span lang="EN-US"> =V (blank sample)<b> -- </b>V (sample)</span></div> <div class="MsoNormal"> <b><span lang="EN-US">% oxidizable organic matter</span></b><span lang="EN-US"> = 1.334<b> x</b> %oxid<a href="https://www.blogger.com/u/3/null" name="_GoBack"></a>izable carbon</span></div> <div class="MsoNormal"> <b><span lang="EN-US">% Total oxidized soil organic matter</span></b><span lang="EN-US"> = 1.74 <b>x</b>oxidizable organic matter</span></div> <div class="MsoNormal"> <br /></div> <br /> <div class="MsoNormal"> <br /></div>

Determination of Soil Organic Matter by Walkley Method

Determination of soil organic matter (By wet method) Organic matter Remains of plants (roots, leaves and shoots) and dead animals a...

+ Read more »

Five Kingdom Classification System-Biology

<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgGUp2lwq0EtEIXlaraO5IiXRi_zhCvUzmJ9HNRO58sqiAUj9r4702eX8537XysAECnmw7l68qYrD7mLpiC8XiAyJQvpcnVlgJ7hRMiNdg7beDBAZhH2zqEe2CdjbvJeWZZhdFSZEvH5oas/s1600/bumblebee-gas-3517375_1920.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="Five Kingdom Classification System-Biology" border="0" data-original-height="1067" data-original-width="1600" height="426" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgGUp2lwq0EtEIXlaraO5IiXRi_zhCvUzmJ9HNRO58sqiAUj9r4702eX8537XysAECnmw7l68qYrD7mLpiC8XiAyJQvpcnVlgJ7hRMiNdg7beDBAZhH2zqEe2CdjbvJeWZZhdFSZEvH5oas/s640/bumblebee-gas-3517375_1920.jpg" title="Five Kingdom Classification System-Biology" width="640" /></a></div> <h2> <b><span lang="EN-US"><br /></span></b></h2> <h2> <b><span lang="EN-US">THE FIVE KINGDOM</span></b></h2> <div class="MsoNormal"> <span lang="EN-US">The general characteristics of the five kingdom are as follow;</span></div> <h3> <b><span lang="EN-US">Kingdom Monera</span></b></h3> <div class="MsoNormal"> <span lang="EN-US">This kingdom includes the prokaryotic organisms i.e. they are made of prokaryotic cells. monerans are unicellular organisms. Although some types form chains, colonies or clusters of cells prokaryotic cells are radically different from eukaryotic cells. In this kingdom the nuclear envelope is absent and in cell wall there is no cellulose and their mode of nutrition is autotroph or heterotroph and multi-cellularity is absent. In this kingdom there are two different kinds of organisms i.e. bacteria and cyanobacteria most are hetero trophic but some perform photosynthesis. This is the first kingdom in the five kingdom system in which bacteria is involved.</span></div> <h3> <b><span lang="EN-US">Kingdom Protista</span></b></h3> <div class="MsoNormal"> <span lang="EN-US">This kingdom includes eukaryotic unicellular and simple multicellular organisms. There are three main types of protists.in this kingdom the nuclear envelope is present; cell wall is present in some forms various types. Mode of nutrition is combination and photosynthesis and multi-cellularity is absent in most forms.</span></div> <h4> <ul> <li><b><span lang="EN-US">Algae</span></b></li> </ul> </h4> <div class="MsoNormal"> <span lang="EN-US">Algae are unicellular simple multicellular or colonial. They are similar to the plant cells with cell walls and chlorophyll in chloroplasts. In this simple multicellular means that they donot have multicellular sex organs and do not form embryos during their life cycle.</span></div> <h4> <ul> <li><b><span lang="EN-US">Protozoans</span></b></li> </ul> </h4> <div class="MsoNormal"> <span lang="EN-US">They are like animals whose cells are like animal cells because of lack of chlorophyll and cell walls in their cells.</span></div> <h4> <ul> <li><b><span lang="EN-US">fungi-like</span></b></li> </ul> </h4> <div class="MsoNormal"> <span lang="EN-US">Some protists are fungi-like</span></div> <h3> <b><span lang="EN-US">Kingdom Fungi</span></b></h3> <div class="MsoNormal"> <span lang="EN-US">It includes eukaryotic multicellular heterotrophs which are absorptive in their nutritional mode. The main example is mushrooms. In this kingdom the nuclear envelope is present and cell wall is chitin and in this mode of nutrition is absorptive heterotroph and multi-cellularity is present in most form. Most fungi are decomposers. They live on organic material, secrete digestive enzymes and absorb small organic molecules formed by digestion by enzymes.</span></div> <h3> <b><span lang="EN-US">Kingdom Plantae</span></b></h3> <div class="MsoNormal"> <span lang="EN-US"> It includes eukaryotic multicellular autotrophs. Plants are autotropic in their nutritional mode. In this kingdom the plants making their own food by photosynthesis.in this the nuclear envelope is present and cell wall there are cellulose and other polysaccharides and in mode of nutrition is photosynthesis process and multi-cellularity is present in all forms. They have multicellular sex organs and form embryos during their life cycles. Mosses ferns and flowering plants are included in this kingdom.</span></div> <h3> <b><span lang="EN-US">Kingdom Animalia</span></b></h3> <br /> <div class="MsoNormal"> <span lang="EN-US">It includes eukaryotic multicellular consumers. Animals live mostly by ingesting food and digesting it within specializedcavities. the nuclear envelope is present and cell wall is absent and mode of nutrition is ingestive heterotroph. The multi-cellularity is present in all forms. These <a href="https://www.blogger.com/u/3/null" name="_GoBack"></a>organisms show movement.</span></div>

Five Kingdom Classification System-Biology

THE FIVE KINGDOM The general characteristics of the five kingdom are as follow; Kingdom Monera This kingdom includes the prokaryo...

+ Read more »

Fungi Characteristics its Effects & Morphology

<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhpSqWOTc42b-0DKHznu7hQ3tiheAxl8e0-sX-ZYOMVIhqpwdGYtY2rCQ3e0HId5HJj_OdBAQthbxVnZi1YRf-viweCNKJmi0jydNU767vANsciE-IfGlt7PsilZfChL9qIwrt3C7tRQx7_/s1600/fly-21685_1920.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="Fungi Characteristics its Effects & Morphology" border="0" data-original-height="1067" data-original-width="1600" height="426" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhpSqWOTc42b-0DKHznu7hQ3tiheAxl8e0-sX-ZYOMVIhqpwdGYtY2rCQ3e0HId5HJj_OdBAQthbxVnZi1YRf-viweCNKJmi0jydNU767vANsciE-IfGlt7PsilZfChL9qIwrt3C7tRQx7_/s640/fly-21685_1920.jpg" title="Fungi Characteristics its Effects & Morphology" width="640" /></a></div> <h2> <b><span lang="EN-US"><br /></span></b></h2> <h2> <b><span lang="EN-US">Fungi</span></b></h2> <div class="MsoNormal"> <span lang="EN-US">Fungi are small, microscopic, usually filamentous, achlorophyllous, branched, spore bearing organisms that have cell wall. Fungi do not have any nucleus that why they are eukaryotic. And like in plant cell their cell also has cell wall. They have their own kingdom in five kingdom system, “the kingdom fungi”. In fungi the nuclear envelope is present.The cell wall in fungi is chitin. Their mode of nutrition is absorptive heterotroph. In fungi the multi-cellularity is present in most form. Most fungi are decomposers. They live on organic material, secrete digestive enzymes and absorb small organic molecules formed by digestion by enzymes. And all the characteristics is present which is related to the kingdom fungi. The biggest example of fungi is mushroom. The fungi may be useful and harmful. Some of the fungi is eatable and human use in their meal,Like mushroom.</span></div> <h3> <b><span lang="EN-US">Characteristics of Fungi:</span></b></h3> <div class="MsoNormal"> <span lang="EN-US">Fungi may be unicellular such as yeast or multicellular such as hyphae.</span></div> <div class="MsoNormal"> <span lang="EN-US">Fungi live as parasites or saprophytes i.e. they absorb nutrients from other living or dead organisms.</span></div> <div class="MsoNormal"> <span lang="EN-US">Cell wall is similar in structure to plants but differ in chemical composition. Fungi cell walls are composed of mostly of chitin and plant cell walls are composed mostly of cellulose. Fungi reproduce by releasing spores that are produced sexually or asexually.</span></div> <h3> <b><span lang="EN-US">Effects of Fungi:</span></b></h3> <div class="MsoNormal"> <span lang="EN-US">The effects of fungi are useful as well as harmful as given below;</span></div> <h4> <b><span lang="EN-US">Useful Effects:</span></b></h4> <div class="MsoNormal"> <span lang="EN-US">Some fungi are edible like mushrooms.</span></div> <div class="MsoNormal"> <span lang="EN-US">Fungi decompose dead organic matter.</span></div> <div class="MsoNormal"> <span lang="EN-US">Fungi are used in fermentation process like to make bread rise, to ferment vine and used in formation f cheese.</span></div> <h4> <b><span lang="EN-US">Harmful Effects:</span></b></h4> <div class="MsoNormal"> <span lang="EN-US">Some fungi are pathogenic to humans and animals and cause fungal infections and allergies.</span></div> <div class="MsoNormal"> <span lang="EN-US">Fungi produce toxins such as ergot alkaloids and aflatoxins.</span></div> <div class="MsoNormal"> <span lang="EN-US">Some fungi release toxic chemicals called mycotoxins that can result in poisoning or death.</span></div> <div class="MsoNormal"> <span lang="EN-US">Various fungi can also cause serious damage to harvested fruits, vegetables and other crops.</span></div> <h3> <b><span lang="EN-US">Morphology of Fungi:</span></b></h3> <div class="MsoNormal"> <span lang="EN-US">Fungi can be divided into two basic morphological forms;</span></div> <h4> <b><span lang="EN-US">Unicellular Fungi</span></b></h4> <div class="MsoNormal"> <b><span lang="EN-US">Yeast</span></b><span lang="EN-US"> are unicellular fungi which reproduce asexually by budding or fission.</span></div> <h4> <b><span lang="EN-US">Multicellular fungi</span></b></h4> <div class="MsoNormal"> <b><span lang="EN-US">Hyphae </span></b><span lang="EN-US">are multi-cellular fungi which reproduce asexually and sexually.<a href="https://www.blogger.com/u/3/null" name="_GoBack"></a></span></div> <br /> <div class="MsoNormal"> <br /></div>

Fungi Characteristics its Effects & Morphology

Fungi Fungi are small, microscopic, usually filamentous, achlorophyllous, branched, spore bearing organisms that have cell wall. Fung...

+ Read more »

Factor Affecting the rate of Transpiration

<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjqY3siaddgrkLh6sC_Y3pylgCM64TCwc2N_ydh6iHZ0Bon8bnG9lyWRkCpIDwHSbkpYOZOT6HNdk3KE4RNDP3wWyjjxVAcz14G8VL4T4ATKGnY6xO6gBQ7zVUlJOiPi78X8bhkFyY9g3FW/s1600/water-2986837_1920.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="Factor Affecting the rate of Transpiration" border="0" data-original-height="882" data-original-width="1600" height="352" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjqY3siaddgrkLh6sC_Y3pylgCM64TCwc2N_ydh6iHZ0Bon8bnG9lyWRkCpIDwHSbkpYOZOT6HNdk3KE4RNDP3wWyjjxVAcz14G8VL4T4ATKGnY6xO6gBQ7zVUlJOiPi78X8bhkFyY9g3FW/s640/water-2986837_1920.jpg" title="Factor Affecting the rate of Transpiration" width="640" /></a></div> <h2> <span lang="EN-US"><br /></span></h2> <h2> <span lang="EN-US">Factor Affecting the rate of T<a href="https://www.blogger.com/u/3/null" name="_GoBack"></a>ranspiration</span></h2> <div class="MsoNormal"> <span lang="EN-US">As you know the transpiration of plants is occurred through stomata present in the leaves of a plants. So the rate of transpiration of the plant is directly or indirectly controlled by the opening and cl9osing of stomata and it is occurring under the influence of light. The rate of transpiration is slow or none at dim or absence of light but on the other hand rate of transpiration is very strong at strong light when sun is at the peak. Many other factors present which effect the rate of transpiration. Some of these factors are given below;</span></div> <h3> <span lang="EN-US">Temperature</span></h3> <div class="MsoNormal"> <span lang="EN-US">When the temperature of surrounding increases the humidity in the air is reduced and that why due to low humidity the kinetic energy of the molecules of water are increases. By this way it is increases the rate of transpiration. The rate of transpiration is double or two time higher with every rise of 10* C in temperature. But at very higher when temperature is about 40-45* C causes closure of stomata. and at these temperature stomata closed and plant does not lose much water anymore.</span></div> <h3> <span lang="EN-US">Leaf surface area</span></h3> <div class="MsoNormal"> <span lang="EN-US">Transpiration also depend upon the surface area of leaf. when the surface area of leaf is large its provide more stomata and there is more transpiration</span></div> <h3> <span lang="EN-US">Air Movement</span></h3> <div class="MsoNormal"> <span lang="EN-US">When the wind below it carries away the evaporated water from the leaves and it causes in the increasing in the rate of transpiration from the surfaces of mesophyll. And when air is still the rate of transpiration is reduced.</span></div> <h3> <span lang="EN-US">Air Humidity</span></h3> <div class="MsoNormal"> <span lang="EN-US">when air is dry,Water vapors diffuse more quickly from the surface of mesophyll cells into the leaf air spaces and then from air spaces to outside. This increases in the rate of transpiration. When the air is humid the rate of diffusion of water vapors is reduced and the rate of transpiration is decreases. </span></div> <div class="MsoNormal"> <span lang="EN-US">Significance of Transpiration </span></div> <div class="MsoNormal"> <span lang="EN-US">Transpiration processes is useful as well as harmful for the plants. That’s why it is also called <b>a necessary evil. </b>It is harmful on the sense when the conditions are drought, loss of water from plant result in serious desiccation, wilting and often death.</span></div> <div class="MsoNormal"> <span lang="EN-US">But on the other hand, transpiration is necessary too. It creates a pulling force called <b>Transpirational pull.</b> which is responsible for condition of water and salts from roots to the aerial parts of plant body.</span></div> <br /> <div class="MsoNormal"> <br /></div>

Factor Affecting the rate of Transpiration

Factor Affecting the rate of T ranspiration As you know the transpiration of plants is occurred through stomata present in the leaves...

+ Read more »

Transpiration of Plant

<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> </div> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjB0wrGZ3miHStHxxZrLzPPn1QWnnYQIXznnWYE13oq-OOqUZ9XRSiJ3HDdIubawY1U3z6xvO5HWc3DBYqTHw1Eq0lsxw-BNVdpi95-_deTbNj-K6TIA2GNqU_cMTRg3L5hNkPMlO5Ms5Ks/s1600/water-lily-1857350_1920.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="Transpiration of Plant" border="0" data-original-height="1067" data-original-width="1600" height="426" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjB0wrGZ3miHStHxxZrLzPPn1QWnnYQIXznnWYE13oq-OOqUZ9XRSiJ3HDdIubawY1U3z6xvO5HWc3DBYqTHw1Eq0lsxw-BNVdpi95-_deTbNj-K6TIA2GNqU_cMTRg3L5hNkPMlO5Ms5Ks/s640/water-lily-1857350_1920.jpg" title="Transpiration of Plant" width="640" /></a></div> <h2> <span lang="EN-US"><br /></span></h2> <h2> <span lang="EN-US">Transpiration</span></h2> <div class="MsoNormal"> <span lang="EN-US">The loss of water from the surface of plant through evaporation process. This loss of water is occurring through these things;</span></div> <div class="MsoNormal"> </div> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi-RvpZM0Wj_3KH47pUiUjPd9t4Lpc4dJ_dol3HAs_7VGoWfTA8dXsdBhxqy_LhrwNW7HGd_v6BfMGcFUSagvb4v7OiH8pn1FW7iQn90C4idtpPesFcpsa9lO_9YtpAc7s2g55Su6XzoEHY/s1600/20180711_080745.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1139" data-original-width="1600" height="227" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi-RvpZM0Wj_3KH47pUiUjPd9t4Lpc4dJ_dol3HAs_7VGoWfTA8dXsdBhxqy_LhrwNW7HGd_v6BfMGcFUSagvb4v7OiH8pn1FW7iQn90C4idtpPesFcpsa9lO_9YtpAc7s2g55Su6XzoEHY/s320/20180711_080745.jpg" width="320" /></a></div> <ol> <li>Through stomata</li> <li>Through the cuticle present</li> <li>Through special openings called lenticels</li> </ol> <br /> <div class="MsoNormal"> <span lang="EN-US">The stomata are present in the leaves of plants. The cuticle present in the epidermis of leaf and lenticels are present in stems of some plants.</span></div> <div class="MsoNormal"> <span lang="EN-US">Most of the transpiration occur through stomata and is called stomatal transpiration. The cells which provide large surface area for the evaporation of water is called mesophyll cells. From here water diffuse into the air space through stomata and then pass to the outside air and maintain the temperature. It is estimated that 90% of water that enter a plant is lost via transpiration.</span></div> <h3> <span lang="EN-US">Opening and closing of stomata</span></h3> <div class="MsoNormal"> <span lang="EN-US">Some plants open their stomata during night when overall water stress is low. But most plant keep their stomata open at day time and close them at night. Through guard cells stomata regulate the transpiration. Through each other there are 2 guard cells of a stoma are attached at the end. When there are exes in water in the guard cells their shape is like the bean. And stomata become opens. When guard cells loss all the water and become flaccid, their inner sides touch each other and stomata closes. The concentration of solutes(glucose) in guard cells is responsible for opening and closing of stomata. Now last few years it is studies that light causes the movement of potassium ions from epidermal cells into guard cells, water follows these ions and enter into the guard cells. Thus their turgidity increases and stomata opens. As the day passed, guard cells make glucose i.e. become hypertonic.so water stay in them. At the end of the day, potassium ions flow back from guard cells to epidermal and the concentration of glucose also fall. Due to this water moves to epidermal cells and guard cells losses turgor. It causes the closure of stomata. On the other hand, in some plant this process is inversely proceed that’s why their stomata closed at day time and open at night.  </span></div> <br /> <div class="MsoNormal"> <br /></div>

Transpiration of Plant

Transpiration The loss of water from the surface of plant through evaporation process. This loss of water is occurring through thes...

+ Read more »

Transportation of Food and Water

<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjLuRkpwWXSO8oOFKcnbMycxUYbi22hae5W_EFRbujevj94SyJ-psuZZA90lCwggsC0Dlwz6smDdQKwAZBE4UmR8QFJVjnkhzjCE_XD2GdmeyRc63L5sLhGzcrZ5ffz7J59LNQrnRV-GHNA/s1600/agriculture-1807497_1920.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="Transportation of Food and Water " border="0" data-original-height="962" data-original-width="1600" height="384" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjLuRkpwWXSO8oOFKcnbMycxUYbi22hae5W_EFRbujevj94SyJ-psuZZA90lCwggsC0Dlwz6smDdQKwAZBE4UmR8QFJVjnkhzjCE_XD2GdmeyRc63L5sLhGzcrZ5ffz7J59LNQrnRV-GHNA/s640/agriculture-1807497_1920.jpg" title="Transportation of Food and Water " width="640" /></a></div> <h2> </h2> <h2> <b><span lang="EN-US">Transportation in plants</span></b></h2> <div class="MsoNormal"> <span lang="EN-US">Transportation means the movement, movement of anything. But here we are describing the movement in the plant body. Ether the movement of food or movement of water in the plant body. First of all, we describe here the transport of water in plant.</span></div> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjFcJ4MTOGEzyosYBdphUBtoAApAH13UH02qaIvNePXARjimNoAs0B8YdB0R9cptqMrBUfPmq2yd88xkAL7E0M-X4SJ8uYtwbaY7EEAKLHj-xMF7bXyweAf2afPj15SbVgIitcDrkOalEra/s1600/20180711_080023.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1600" data-original-width="813" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjFcJ4MTOGEzyosYBdphUBtoAApAH13UH02qaIvNePXARjimNoAs0B8YdB0R9cptqMrBUfPmq2yd88xkAL7E0M-X4SJ8uYtwbaY7EEAKLHj-xMF7bXyweAf2afPj15SbVgIitcDrkOalEra/s320/20180711_080023.jpg" width="162" /></a></div> <h3> <b><span lang="EN-US"><br /></span></b></h3> <h3> <b><span lang="EN-US">Transport of Water</span></b></h3> <div class="MsoNormal"> <span lang="EN-US">For many years ago in botany, it has been studies, the process by which water raised to considerable height in plants. The result of this research is <b>“cohesion-tension theory”.</b></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal"> <span lang="EN-US">According to this theory, the force which carries water and dissolved many useful materials for plant goes upward through xylem is Transpirational pull. This process creates a pressure difference that pull water and salts & minerals up from roots. when the leaf losses water, the concentration of water of its mesophyll cells drops. This drop causes pressure difference and water moves upward by osmosis from the xylem of leaf into mesophyll cells. When one molecule of water moves up in the xylem of leaf, it creates a pulling force that continues all the way to root. This force of water is called Transpirational pull. It causes water to move transversely from root epidermis to cortex and pericycle. </span></div> <h4> <b><span lang="EN-US">Reason of creational Transpirational pull</span></b></h4> <div class="MsoNormal"> </div> <ol> <li>Water is held in tube(xylem) that has small diameter</li> <li>Water molecule adhere to the wall of xylem tube (adhesion)</li> <li><a href="https://www.blogger.com/u/3/null" name="_GoBack"><span lang="EN-US">Water molecule cohere to each other (cohesion)</span></a></li> </ol> <br /> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi8eb1cY0SCIuWYK0JmwClZWHO_Nej2wit_imOBfPjjpfsDQzdEHC2bncVmEZklHzmTkM5A8H4uOs6vYrdwbP-MhcoI34QLRhyCO0sdhQaZR7cVwIGp6ICxOKzKfhA-aoETAA5pLhyphenhyphenjCX07/s1600/20180711_080117.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1600" data-original-width="1052" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi8eb1cY0SCIuWYK0JmwClZWHO_Nej2wit_imOBfPjjpfsDQzdEHC2bncVmEZklHzmTkM5A8H4uOs6vYrdwbP-MhcoI34QLRhyCO0sdhQaZR7cVwIGp6ICxOKzKfhA-aoETAA5pLhyphenhyphenjCX07/s320/20180711_080117.jpg" width="210" /></a></div> <h3> <b><span lang="EN-US"><br /></span></b></h3> <h3> <b><span lang="EN-US">Transportation of Food </span></b></h3> <div class="MsoNormal"> <span lang="EN-US">In transportation of food phloem is responsible throughout the plant body. that’s why it is called <b>“food street”</b> of plant. The glucose formed during the photosynthesis in mesophyll cells is used in respiration and excess of it is converted into sucrose. In most plat food is transport into sucrose form. <b>“Pressure-flow mechanism</b>” hypotheses describe the transportation of food in plants in pressure flow mechanism, food moved from sources to sinks. Sources including the exporting organs, typical mature leaf or storage organ. Sinks are the area of active metabolisms e.g. roots, developing fruits.</span></div> <div class="MsoNormal"> <b><span lang="EN-US">At source</span></b><span lang="EN-US">, food(sugar) is moved by active transport into sieve tubes of phloem. Due to pressure of sugar in sieve tubes, their solute concentration increases and water enter them from xylem (via osmosis). This result in higher pressure of water in these tubes, which drive the solution of food toward sink.</span></div> <br /> <div class="MsoNormal"> <b><span lang="EN-US">At sink</span></b><span lang="EN-US"> end, food is unloaded by active transport. Water also exits from the sieve tubes. The exit of water decrease pressure in sieve tubes, which causes a mass flow from the higher pressure at the source to the now lowered pressure at the sink.</span></div>

Transportation of Food and Water

Transportation in plants Transportation means the movement, movement of anything. But here we are describing the movement in the plan...

+ Read more »

Guava tree growing tips and care

<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> </div> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgbUzawbuHgAKQY6y7TdJnz-uqTzn__If8FvBLbAsqnIC-41g045uQjahW1UAmhMx_KwrWX-KX4DWnmsfTYgfQX95Y23hnjiU1py1rpYDmpaC2KAW5mEzBPi1LyVhCOOozXFmB9oEGASD_j/s1600/guava-336958_1920.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="Guava tree growing tips and care" border="0" data-original-height="1115" data-original-width="1600" height="444" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgbUzawbuHgAKQY6y7TdJnz-uqTzn__If8FvBLbAsqnIC-41g045uQjahW1UAmhMx_KwrWX-KX4DWnmsfTYgfQX95Y23hnjiU1py1rpYDmpaC2KAW5mEzBPi1LyVhCOOozXFmB9oEGASD_j/s640/guava-336958_1920.jpg" title="Guava tree growing tips and care" width="640" /></a></div> <h2> </h2> <h2> Guava</h2> <div class="MsoNormal"> <o:p></o:p></div> <div class="MsoNormal"> It is a fruiting tree present in the tropical and sub-tropical region specially it is a native tree in central America, south America and Mexico.<o:p></o:p></div> <h3> Tips & Care</h3> <div class="MsoNormal"> <o:p></o:p></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18.0pt;"> <br /> <br /> <ol> <li><span style="font-family: "symbol"; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">        </span></span><span style="text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;">First of all, we can plant the guava plant in the pot as well in the backyard garden .it is very beautiful plant for the garden.</span></li> <li><span style="font-family: "symbol"; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">         </span></span><span style="text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;">About the pot we can plant the guava plant in the 12 inch pot it will give us fruit but it is better to plant it in the pot of 22-28 inch pot it will give us very impressive result.</span></li> <li><span style="font-family: "symbol"; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">         </span></span><span style="text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;">The guava plant start fruiting after one year even in the pot</span></li> <li><span style="font-family: "symbol"; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">         </span></span><span style="text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;">Keep in mind that if your plant is in the pot then put the tray under the pot and fill it with water it will fulfill the requirement of water specially in summer season.</span></li> <li><span style="font-family: "symbol"; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">         </span></span><span style="text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;">Due to summer the colour of the leaves of guava plant become dull so don’t worry about it.</span></li> <li><span style="font-family: "symbol"; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">         </span></span><span style="text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;">We can be propagate the guava plant through cutting but cannot gives you better result specially in Pakistan and India where the temperature touch the 50 Degree.</span></li> <li><span style="font-family: "symbol"; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">         </span></span><span style="text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;">The air layering and the seedling these are the two best method for the propagation of guava plant.</span></li> <li><span style="font-family: "symbol"; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">         </span></span><span style="text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;">Pruning is very important for the fruit tree it keep your plant healthy.</span></li> <li><span style="font-family: "symbol"; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">         </span></span><span style="text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;">Notice that before fruiting season drop all the leaves of plant then through their new shoots grow and new shoots gives us maximum fruit</span></li> <li><span style="font-family: "symbol"; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">         </span></span><span style="text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;">The fruiting season of guava plant is two time in a year that is march and September.</span></li> <li><span style="font-family: "symbol"; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">         </span></span><span style="text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;">When you grow the guava plant in the pot then the ratio of the soil is 1:3 its mean three-part soil and one-part natural fertilizer.</span></li> <li><span style="font-family: "symbol"; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">         </span></span><span style="text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;">You can also use peat moss, coco peat and other rooting substrate.</span></li> <li><span style="font-family: "symbol"; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">         </span></span><span style="text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;"> If you think that your plant cannot give you maximum fruit or growth rate of your guava plant is slow then you can put the natural fertilizer in the pot.</span></li> <li><span style="font-family: "symbol"; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">         </span></span><span style="text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;">If you want to change the variety of your guava plant, then budding is best way to change the variety of you plant specially patch budding.</span></li> </ol> <ul> <li><span style="font-family: "symbol";"><br /></span></li> </ul> <!--[if !supportLists]--><o:p></o:p></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18.0pt;"> <o:p></o:p></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18.0pt;"> <o:p></o:p></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18.0pt;"> <o:p></o:p></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18.0pt;"> <o:p></o:p></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18.0pt;"> <o:p></o:p></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18.0pt;"> <o:p></o:p></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18.0pt;"> <o:p></o:p></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18.0pt;"> <o:p></o:p></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18.0pt;"> <o:p></o:p></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18.0pt;"> <o:p></o:p></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18.0pt;"> <o:p></o:p></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18.0pt;"> <o:p></o:p></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18.0pt;"> <o:p></o:p></div> <div class="MsoNormal"> <br /></div>

Guava tree growing tips and care

Guava It is a fruiting tree present in the tropical and sub-tropical region specially it is a native tree in central America, sou...

+ Read more »

layering plant propagation technique & its types

<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"> <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjJ1m5pgnH-KhmaKXtd0XT8epCgbd6NM5Q6HSScpcANcLG-B6JKYJr5nHyufyjakQnJfhsqyghU03q8dU-qEReBIdbeLnrKkdqvRLe5TeAqq0LPS6xbvq4u5Wk3poOcxoWlTaYVt2sfDI-J/s1600/palm-3358687_1920.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="layering plant propagation technique & its types" border="0" data-original-height="1067" data-original-width="1600" height="426" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjJ1m5pgnH-KhmaKXtd0XT8epCgbd6NM5Q6HSScpcANcLG-B6JKYJr5nHyufyjakQnJfhsqyghU03q8dU-qEReBIdbeLnrKkdqvRLe5TeAqq0LPS6xbvq4u5Wk3poOcxoWlTaYVt2sfDI-J/s640/palm-3358687_1920.jpg" title="layering plant propagation technique & its types" width="640" /></a></div> <h2> </h2> <h2> Layering</h2> <div class="MsoNormal"> Layering is a  method of asexual propagation in which a shoot ids detached  from the mother plant after the roots formation. This method is similar to the other method of propagation that is called cuttings. Its multiplication rate is less than the cutting but it can yeild larger individual plant. It success rate is greater than the cuttings and we get a establish plant through layering.</div> <h3> Types</h3> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18.0pt;"> <!--[if !supportLists]-->1.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">       </span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Simple layering</div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18.0pt;"> <!--[if !supportLists]-->2.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">       </span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Air layering</div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18.0pt;"> <!--[if !supportLists]-->3.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">       </span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Mound layering</div> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> </div> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"> <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg93paS2uuY79jUaf2cssm8xP00_jplgCyeiHPVWNlvuu3oWa6M7TRI9IG_IYZkqxKxA4IIRWJROMorcvTfYkdkaFhJQEWa3ERTTyz_NE6toib_nOowoZet-qRze-on3FbVD0zrhYUZ4PuN/s1600/20180617_114844.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="" border="0" data-original-height="900" data-original-width="1600" height="360" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg93paS2uuY79jUaf2cssm8xP00_jplgCyeiHPVWNlvuu3oWa6M7TRI9IG_IYZkqxKxA4IIRWJROMorcvTfYkdkaFhJQEWa3ERTTyz_NE6toib_nOowoZet-qRze-on3FbVD0zrhYUZ4PuN/s640/20180617_114844.jpg" title="simple layering" width="640" /></a></div> <h4> </h4> <h4> Simple layering</h4> <div class="MsoNormal"> The developing young shoots are bend into the ground about 15-20 CM below the tip and its shape is like English alphabet  “U” . this layering is done in dormant season. To improve on rooting success the shoots can be wounded or auxins   applied. After some time rooted stem is cut of and plant in the shady area. Keep in mind that the substrate used in layering kept moist. But not waterlogged all the time. </div> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"> <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgjCoPSkL3xESSJMb3Mf4ezdS9LjB8vq1l-P458yLpVuwJlxoWY5wECL79PfioFqnsIwsrlhGB8xBcpXFOABkoxZhB5C8g-xUkSmb2QekjO19k8cn9-zbeWNgP6NHOAjqE4Z3SnEmY-KKI_/s1600/20180617_114541.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="" border="0" data-original-height="900" data-original-width="1600" height="360" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgjCoPSkL3xESSJMb3Mf4ezdS9LjB8vq1l-P458yLpVuwJlxoWY5wECL79PfioFqnsIwsrlhGB8xBcpXFOABkoxZhB5C8g-xUkSmb2QekjO19k8cn9-zbeWNgP6NHOAjqE4Z3SnEmY-KKI_/s640/20180617_114541.jpg" title="air layering" width="640" /></a></div> <h4> </h4> <h4> Air layering(marcotting)</h4> <div class="MsoNormal"> This layering is applied almost all types of woody plants or trees. This layering produced small numbers of individual plants but established plants.</div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -18.0pt;"> <!--[if !supportLists]-->1.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">       </span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Select the shoot above the marcot is between 20-60 CM to avoid large rooted shoots. A complete ring of1-5Cm is removed by making two encircling cuts and remove the bark between two rings</div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -18.0pt;"> <!--[if !supportLists]-->2.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">       </span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Root promoting substances such as slurry of auxin powder can be applied and missed with fungicide.</div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -18.0pt;"> <!--[if !supportLists]-->3.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">       </span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>The rooting substrates is applied around the wound and after that tied into plastic and wrapped in aluminium foil . the aluminium foil preserve the moist and prevent the over heating the rooting substrate used in  layering which is light in weight  and its water holding capacity is high. Such as moss, coconut fibre, sawdust . you can also use the mixture of soil with any of these things. </div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -18.0pt;"> <!--[if !supportLists]-->4.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">       </span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>To improve the success rate remove the leaves are trimmed a few day before harvesting. </div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -18.0pt;"> <!--[if !supportLists]-->5.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">       </span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>After harvest the marcot should immediately placed into a container with water and potted up, using appropriate  light, high humidity, nutrition potting medium and place under shady area such as in a polypropagator.</div> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right; margin-left: 1em; text-align: left;"><tbody> <tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh7FsdT7h_yhAXKuot3FIcNCtoPzYAmoNMQara_xhVzyuK8MHg_8MJA63s88M6jYkwnPk7kv9lcbhEvrC-0DuIvThR-E8judkbs-rC6k1yyzrCcb8beLuWQR58AlDcZu6076rhyphenhyphenS5UCdhdr/s1600/20180617_115046.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="" border="0" data-original-height="1600" data-original-width="900" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh7FsdT7h_yhAXKuot3FIcNCtoPzYAmoNMQara_xhVzyuK8MHg_8MJA63s88M6jYkwnPk7kv9lcbhEvrC-0DuIvThR-E8judkbs-rC6k1yyzrCcb8beLuWQR58AlDcZu6076rhyphenhyphenS5UCdhdr/s320/20180617_115046.jpg" title="stooling" width="180" /></a></td></tr> <tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><br /></td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -18.0pt;"> <br /></div> <h4 style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -18.0pt;">        Stooling(mound layering)</h4> <br /> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 18pt; text-align: left;"> It have been done with a plant which have severely cut back(2.5-5 cm above soil). If the are covered half of its height with soil or sawdust or other light substrate at the end of season roots are formed at the base of shoots which can then be cut off and planted into another pot and watering the root substrate well. The rate of new growing plants is not to less and it is very useful in shrubby plants .</div>

layering plant propagation technique & its types

Layering Layering is a  method of asexual propagation in which a shoot ids detached  from the mother plant after the roots formation....

+ Read more »

How to grow Plant stem cutting step by step - Asexual propagation by cuttings-

<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh_4TJwdCwfG3SihqH7a6tZEPelWBakxD8mlSX_VmyQYGKm2013MhKChmwRwXUHgHasaoitwZKVAfiAtD-pHJojZMYgqafn2pfSM7dIChp6pAL-Io2FyAoPt-LL-rwBSzkWgqX2v5ZDo3_p/s1600/spices-2419057_1920.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="How to grow Plant stem cutting step by step - Asexual propagation by cuttings-" border="0" data-original-height="1067" data-original-width="1600" height="426" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh_4TJwdCwfG3SihqH7a6tZEPelWBakxD8mlSX_VmyQYGKm2013MhKChmwRwXUHgHasaoitwZKVAfiAtD-pHJojZMYgqafn2pfSM7dIChp6pAL-Io2FyAoPt-LL-rwBSzkWgqX2v5ZDo3_p/s640/spices-2419057_1920.jpg" title="How to grow Plant stem cutting step by step - Asexual propagation by cuttings-" width="640" /></a></div> <h2> Cuttings</h2> <div class="MsoNormal"> The type of asexual propagation in which cutting are the several plant pieces with at least one node. Various plant organs can be used for cuttings :stem ,root, or leaf cuttings. Cuttings are usually placed into a suitable rooting substrate and kept under high humidity until roots and shoots have formed. Plant propagation by cuttings can yield a high multiplication rate and produces plants with their own root system.</div> <h3> Processes</h3> <div class="MsoNormal"> There are three processes involved in cuttings<br /> <br /> <ul> <li>Start with healing process</li> <li><span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; text-indent: -18pt;"> </span><span dir="LTR" style="text-indent: -18pt;"></span><span style="text-indent: -18pt;">The formation of new cells</span></li> <li><span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; text-indent: -18pt;">    </span><span dir="LTR" style="text-indent: -18pt;"></span><span style="text-indent: -18pt;">And root formation</span></li> </ul> </div> <h3> Function</h3> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -18.0pt;"> </div> <ol> <li>.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; text-indent: -18pt;"> </span><span dir="LTR" style="text-indent: -18pt;"></span><span style="text-indent: -18pt;">Trim the leaves of selected shoots before cutting them off the stock plant, discard the terminal buds and leaves if they are too soft.</span></li> <li><span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; text-indent: -18pt;">  </span><span dir="LTR" style="text-indent: -18pt;"></span><span style="text-indent: -18pt;">Place the shoot in to the bag through which the air cannot pass and also label the bag with every information about the shoot and also mention the date of cutting and put some drops of water  for humidity which keep the cutting fresh and keep the bag closed all the time.</span></li> <li><span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; text-indent: -18pt;"> </span><span dir="LTR" style="text-indent: -18pt;"></span><span style="text-indent: -18pt;">Also care about heating during the transportation and put the cuttings into the cool medium and avoid the cutting from direct contact with the cooling substrate.</span></li> <li><span style="text-indent: -18pt;">When you are in nursery then keep in mind that put the cutting into the bucket of water or spray  on the cuttings frequently until the used or plant into the rooting substrate.</span></li> <li><span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; text-indent: -18pt;">   </span><span dir="LTR" style="text-indent: -18pt;"></span><span style="text-indent: -18pt;">By using sharp knife or paper cutter cut the at least one or two node cuttings . cut the basal end of the cuttings straight at 0 degree or squarely and avoid to cut the base at 45 degree it m ay result in one sided root system.</span></li> <li><span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; text-indent: -18pt;">   </span><span dir="LTR" style="text-indent: -18pt;"></span><span style="text-indent: -18pt;">Dip the basal end half or one cm into the rooting powder . rooting powder increase the rate of new generating roots.</span></li> <li><span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; text-indent: -18pt;">   </span><span dir="LTR" style="text-indent: -18pt;"></span><span style="text-indent: -18pt;">Prepared the hole in to the rooting substrate . Rooting substrate may be sand, clay, peat mose or coco peat . the best substrate is peat mose for cuttings.</span></li> <li><span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; text-indent: -18pt;">   </span><span dir="LTR" style="text-indent: -18pt;"></span><span style="text-indent: -18pt;">Label the cutting mention with date of setting, species name, clone number and treatment applied.</span></li> <li><span style="text-indent: -18pt;">Enter the information  on your assessment paper or type on your mobile or laptop with all interesting  information about the cutting and processes applied on the cuttings.</span></li> <li><span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; text-indent: -18pt;">  </span><span dir="LTR" style="text-indent: -18pt;"></span><span style="text-indent: -18pt;">Spray the cuttings before closing the lid of the propagator  tightly to keep the humidity at 100% which help the cuttings to grow easily and give us the maximum result. </span></li> </ol> <!--[if !supportLists]--><br />

How to grow Plant stem cutting step by step - Asexual propagation by cuttings-

Cuttings The type of asexual propagation in which cutting are the several plant pieces with at least one node. Various plant organs can...

+ Read more »

Budding in plant-Defination and its Type

<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgetqmN24Fpq5Yxfx7D9blCtRUbXisp1QSvkyJ_46MkSKOspQcOurTa4_D6zCX3MAyVWMrs1oPZECPHjrtVJkSKIGUPF7ahb33S9NK97mGpkA5NPJFPiDD1dti1AM1dkMMpM4L2QP9g7_Yo/s1600/cherry-1437707_1920.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="Budding in plant-Defination and its Type" border="0" data-original-height="1055" data-original-width="1600" height="420" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgetqmN24Fpq5Yxfx7D9blCtRUbXisp1QSvkyJ_46MkSKOspQcOurTa4_D6zCX3MAyVWMrs1oPZECPHjrtVJkSKIGUPF7ahb33S9NK97mGpkA5NPJFPiDD1dti1AM1dkMMpM4L2QP9g7_Yo/s640/cherry-1437707_1920.jpg" title="Budding in plant-Defination and its Type" width="640" /></a></div> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <br /></div> <h2> Budding</h2> <div class="MsoNormal">      A special form of grafting in which the scion consist of  one or more bud. It is more economical and easy way of asexual propagation as more scion can be produced from a single mother tree.  A mother plant have many buds so we can produced many scion form a single plant and that’s why the is a very cheap way of sexual propagation.</div> <h3> Types </h3> <div class="MsoNormal"> There are two types of budding</div> <div class="MsoNormal"> </div> <h4> <ol> <li> <span dir="LTR" style="text-indent: -18pt;"></span><span style="text-indent: -18pt;">T – budding</span></li> <li>   <span dir="LTR" style="text-indent: -18pt;"></span><span style="text-indent: -18pt;">Patch</span><span style="text-indent: -18pt;">  </span><span style="text-indent: -18pt;">budding</span></li> </ol> </h4> <br /> <h3> <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhWbHBnSqQlgFlWeFnshPPCsPKgDSvaH5nz0aETv34kS1lbzGIpuXnhNHXPf_UImxEX9E7E1xFCPflZuTVDNEpFVxMTDSIbWTQqRQZ-UFvwqL8TnrboW70IjZf-boqww-wtHurNm4GXfjwJ/s1600/rose-2464154_1920.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-align: center;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1067" data-original-width="1600" height="426" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhWbHBnSqQlgFlWeFnshPPCsPKgDSvaH5nz0aETv34kS1lbzGIpuXnhNHXPf_UImxEX9E7E1xFCPflZuTVDNEpFVxMTDSIbWTQqRQZ-UFvwqL8TnrboW70IjZf-boqww-wtHurNm4GXfjwJ/s640/rose-2464154_1920.jpg" width="640" /></a> </h3> <h3> T- budding</h3> <div class="MsoNormal">     This is the main type of budding which is mostly used in the propagation of citrus plants such as lemons, oranges and kinoes and many more in  the budding a bud is cut down from the  mother plant as a scion and on the other side a T shaped cut on the rootstock with special grafting knife and put the scion into the T shaped cut form on the rootstock. It is generally limited to the small nursery stock of between 6-25 mm diameter which is actively growing and after that wrap the bud from grafting tape and avoid the rootstock from direct sun light after 20-25 day in the shady area the scion attached the rootstock and cut down all the shoots growing from the rootstock. This budding is also used in  roses plants for giving many colourful and interesting varieties.</div> <h3> Patch budding </h3> <div class="MsoNormal"> This  method of propagation is widely used for the tropical trees with thick barks such as rubber trees and also in some fruits plants such as guava. It can be used  on stock plant as big AS 10 CM diameter. In this type of budding a patch from the rootstock and by using with double bladed knife a matching pieces of bark with atleast one but is cut from the budwood as a scion and matched into the the prepared rootstock. Keep in your mind that  the shape of patch is rectangular as same as scion shape and then    wrap the patch  from grafting tape and avoid the rootstock from direct sun light after 20-25 day in the shady area the scion attached the rootstock and cut down all the shoots growing from the rootstock. By these way you can easily propagate many plants not only for domestic but also for  commercial level in you business. </div> <div class="MsoNormal"> <br /></div> <br /> <div class="MsoNormal"> <br /></div>

Budding in plant-Defination and its Type

Budding      A special form of grafting in which the scion consist of  one or more bud. It is more economical and easy way of asexual...

+ Read more »

Forestry-Classification of forestry, defination and statistics

<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh8Ho0F6uAJjIySgyWRU3gNlkC4ZIMYj3jVkWLmzH2Oxmn2oAS4VKBeTouSqSHawIV8DRSS-Tee9TAFzponIAWrX6hp3K-vBC4MkLR9B1NgoaVwNsfJ3snCKbVc9XzpM-SONHPbO39ZHCWC/s1600/saar-loop-3410864_1920.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="Forestry-Classification of forestry, defination and statistics" border="0" data-original-height="793" data-original-width="1600" height="316" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh8Ho0F6uAJjIySgyWRU3gNlkC4ZIMYj3jVkWLmzH2Oxmn2oAS4VKBeTouSqSHawIV8DRSS-Tee9TAFzponIAWrX6hp3K-vBC4MkLR9B1NgoaVwNsfJ3snCKbVc9XzpM-SONHPbO39ZHCWC/s640/saar-loop-3410864_1920.jpg" title="Forestry-Classification of forestry, defination and statistics" width="640" /></a></div> <h2> <b><br /></b></h2> <h2> <b>Forest</b></h2> <div class="MsoNormal"> It is Community of flora and fauna which is dominant by woody vegetation.<o:p></o:p></div> <div class="MsoNormal"> Pakistan has about the 4.8% of its total area covered with forests which is very low as the desired area of 20% to 30% of the total area.<o:p></o:p></div> <div class="MsoNormal"> Over 2 billion people rely on forests directly through water, food, fuel, fruits and paper and indirectly such as medicines and detergents.<o:p></o:p></div> <div class="MsoNormal"> Forests provides jobs more than 13 million peoples across the world. 300 million people live in the forests including 60 million indigenous people between 1990 and 2015, the world lost some 129 million ha of forest an area of the size of south Africa. There are many advantages of forests from ecological point of view, the provide us oxygen and clean our environment. It is the home of many wild animals, it reduced the flood risk, they are the source of timber and medicines. And use in construction.<o:p></o:p></div> <div class="MsoNormal"> <br /></div> <h2> <b>Forestry</b></h2> <div class="MsoNormal"> The theory and practice of all constitutes the creation, conservation and scientific management of forests and the utilization of their resources on sustained basis.<o:p></o:p></div> <div class="MsoNormal"> <b>National Commission of agriculture (1976) proposed that forests can be classified into;<o:p></o:p></b></div> <h3 style="mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18.0pt;"> <span style="font-family: "symbol"; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">         </span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span style="font-size: large;">P</span>rotection Forests<o:p></o:p></b></h3> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle"> <b>                           </b>The practice of managing the forests for their protection function are called <b>Protection forestry. </b>The object is protect the site due to instability of terrain, nature of soil, geological formations etc. such areas where manipulation of the forest cover is not desirable may be classed as protection forests<o:p></o:p></div> <h3 style="mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18.0pt;"> <span style="font-family: "symbol"; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">      <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgYCWbqRpSuSfURU6V__Rk_3soCmsdrDGXSCL278lN9WCFq9_YlwNd0vjpzWDYlcoj181qz5Eki0HGd0Wzo8BGlgDr6CvHhwodOvUjLM5Iu2EfYlLzLTU4sKmfE_Wqn1ciWEBIi6PsEABnU/s1600/lumber-1713722_1920.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="1600" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgYCWbqRpSuSfURU6V__Rk_3soCmsdrDGXSCL278lN9WCFq9_YlwNd0vjpzWDYlcoj181qz5Eki0HGd0Wzo8BGlgDr6CvHhwodOvUjLM5Iu2EfYlLzLTU4sKmfE_Wqn1ciWEBIi6PsEABnU/s640/lumber-1713722_1920.jpg" width="640" /></a></div> </span></span></h3> <h3 style="text-indent: -18.0pt;"> <span style="font-family: "symbol"; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">    </span><span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: small; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">     </span><span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: x-large; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">P</span></span><b>roduction forests</b></h3> <h3 style="text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;">    <span style="font-weight: normal;">  The practice of forestry with object of producing maximum quantity of timber, fuel wood and other forest produce is called Production forestry. The production forestry can be further classified into:</span></h3> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 36.0pt;"> <o:p></o:p></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -18.0pt;"> <!--[if !supportLists]-->1.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">       </span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span> <b>Commercial forestry; </b><o:p></o:p></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto;">  Commercial forestry aims to get maximum production of timber, fuel wood and other forest products as business enterprise. <o:p></o:p></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -18.0pt;"> <!--[if !supportLists]-->2.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">       </span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><b>Industrial forestry;</b><o:p></o:p></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto;"> Industrial forestry aims at producing raw material required for industry. In production forestry, there is a greater concern for the production and economic returns.<o:p></o:p></div> <h3 style="mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18.0pt;"> <span style="font-family: "symbol"; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">       </span><span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: large; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">  </span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR" style="font-size: large;"></span><b><span style="font-size: large;">S</span>ocial forests;</b></h3> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18.0pt;"> <o:p></o:p></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle"> It is the practice of forestry which aims at meeting the requirement of rural and urban population. The object of social forestry is to meet the basic needs of community aiming at bettering the conditions of living through;<o:p></o:p></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -18.0pt;"> <!--[if !supportLists]-->1.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">       </span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>By the people<o:p></o:p></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -18.0pt;"> <!--[if !supportLists]-->2.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">       </span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>For the people<o:p></o:p></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -18.0pt;"> <!--[if !supportLists]-->3.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">       </span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Of the people<o:p></o:p></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 90.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo4; text-indent: -18.0pt;"> <!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "wingdings"; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">Ø<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">  </span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><b>Community forestry<o:p></o:p></b></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 90.0pt; mso-add-space: auto;"> The forestry for the benefit of local population is called co0mmunity Forestry<o:p></o:p></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 90.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo4; text-indent: -18.0pt;"> <!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "wingdings"; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">Ø<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">  </span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><b>Farm forestry</b><o:p></o:p></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 90.0pt; mso-add-space: auto;"> The practice of forestry in all aspect on farms of village lands generally integrated with other farm operations.<o:p></o:p></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 90.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo4; text-indent: -18.0pt;"> <!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "wingdings"; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">Ø<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">  </span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>It included the activity of raising trees on farm lands, villages wastelands and community forest areas and on the sides of the roads and railway lines .<o:p></o:p></div> <h3 style="mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18.0pt;"> <span style="font-family: "symbol"; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">         </span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span style="font-size: large;">A</span>gro-forestry:</b></h3> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18.0pt;"> <o:p></o:p></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle"> The sustainable  land management system which increases the yield of the land. combine the production of crops and forests trees on the same unit of land and applies management practice that are compatible with the cultural practices of the local population.<o:p></o:p></div> <h3 style="mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18.0pt;"> <span style="font-family: "symbol"; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">         </span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span style="font-size: large;">R</span>ecreational forestry</b></h3> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18.0pt;"> <o:p></o:p></div> <br /> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast"> The practice of forestry with the object of developing and maintaining forests of high scenic value. Recreational forests are being developed  near towns and cities. It is for the better atmosphere of the towns and the cities.<o:p></o:p></div>

Forestry-Classification of forestry, defination and statistics

Forest It is Community of flora and fauna which is dominant by woody vegetation. Pakistan has about the 4.8% of its total area cove...

+ Read more »

Environmental science-Environmental pollution and its types-Their causes, effects and preventions

<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody> <tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjnFIHowEpqGPnGEyuiSRR1urpUalNqkiQwvkXT3G5kJpqZrQha1lpScZBfTB4n-Xi-955chlvenO-zOA0y8BmufM_Nwe8zqLDx4CLwV4EAs9s8g6ANYe04AVmEaokGLpLjqOrmMQfaHwHz/s1600/industry-611668_1920.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="environmental pollution environmental pollution is accounted for in environmental pollution definition environmental pollution centers environmental pollution agency environmental pollution abbreviation environmental pollution in texas environmental pollution essay environmental pollution articles environmental pollution solutions environmental pollution facts environmental pollution journal environmental pollution and lichens lab environmental pollution and lichens lab answers environmental pollution and health environmental pollution act environmental pollution and kidney diseases environmental pollution art environmental pollution and control an essay environmental pollution an essay environmental pollution in tamil a paragraph on environmental pollution a speech on environmental pollution a report on environmental pollution a project on environmental pollution a poster on environmental pollution a letter about environmental pollution a topic on environmental pollution a note on environmental pollution environmental pollution books environmental pollution by antibiotics and by antibiotic resistance determinants environmental pollution books pdf environmental pollution by country environmental pollution by antibiotics and antibiotic resistance genes environmental pollution by pesticides environmental pollution board environmental pollution bibliography environmental pollution by human activities environmental pollution by plastic environmental pollution causes environmental pollution caused by factories environmental pollution control environmental pollution causes and effects environmental pollution centers water pollution environmental pollution china environmental pollution chart environmental pollution current events environmental pollution caused by sugar industry rao c.s. environmental pollution control engineering environmental pollution disasters environmental pollution documentary environmental pollution data environmental pollution drawings environmental pollution diseases environmental pollution due to welding environmental pollution diagram environmental pollution day environmental pollution department environmental pollution examples environmental pollution effects environmental pollution effects on humans environmental pollution elsevier environmental pollution events environmental pollution economics environmental pollution effects on human health environmental pollution editorial board environmental pollution essay in english pdf e-waste environmental pollution environmental pollution factors environmental pollution for upsc environmental pollution for class 7 environmental pollution for speech environmental pollution from mines in the south west of england environmental pollution from industries environmental pollution form 5 environmental pollution full information environmental pollution for competitive exams environmental pollution group environmental pollution graph environmental pollution group llc environmental pollution guide for authors environmental pollution group discussion environmental pollution gases environmental pollution gk environmental pollution gktoday environmental pollution general essay environmental pollution globalization environmental pollution history environmental pollution health hazards environmental pollution hindi environmental pollution human health environmental pollution has made life environmental pollution hd images environmental pollution hazards environmental pollution health and toxicology environmental pollution hindi me environmental pollution hd photos bhatia h.s. environmental pollution & control- galgotia environmental pollution impact factor environmental pollution in california environmental pollution in china environmental pollution insurance environmental pollution issues environmental pollution images environmental pollution in india environmental pollution in africa environmental i pollution environmental pollution journal pdf environmental pollution journal ranking environmental pollution journal author guidelines environmental pollution journal abbreviation environmental pollution jobs environmental pollution journal articles environmental pollution journal twitter environmental pollution jobs in india environmental pollution journal springer william j. manning environmental pollution international j of environmental pollution impact factor international j of environmental pollution environmental pollution kit lab answers environmental pollution kinds environmental pollution kannada essay environmental pollution kavithai environmental pollution kerala environmental pollution karnataka environmental pollution kavithai in tamil environmental pollution ks2 environmental pollution korea environmental pollution kolkata environmental pollution liability insurance environmental pollution letpub environmental pollution laws environmental pollution list environmental pollution lab report environmental pollution lecture environmental pollution logo environmental pollution letter environmental pollution lesson plan environmental pollution laws in nigeria environmental pollution magazine environmental pollution map environmental pollution meaning environmental pollution mcq environmental pollution monitoring environmental pollution meaning in hindi environmental pollution model environmental pollution meaning in urdu environmental pollution monitoring and control environmental pollution management environmental pollution news environmental pollution notes environmental pollution ncert environmental pollution notes pdf environmental pollution noise environmental pollution nptel environmental pollution national geographic environmental pollution ncbi environmental pollution new york times environmental pollution ngos environment and pollution environmental pollution and its types environmental pollution often decreases biodiversity by environmental pollution organizations environmental pollution on human health environmental pollution objective questions environmental pollution objectives environmental pollution of water environmental pollution of india environmental pollution observation environmental pollution on essay environmental pollution of bangladesh environmental pollution problems environmental pollution pdf environmental pollution photos environmental pollution pictures environmental pollution ppt environmental pollution prevention environmental pollution project environmental pollution policy environmental pollution project topics environmental pollution pdf essay environmental pollution quotes environmental pollution quizlet environmental pollution quiz environmental pollution questions and answers environmental pollution quiz questions and answers environmental pollution quiz questions and answers pdf environmental pollution quotation environmental pollution question paper environmental pollution quora environmental pollution questions and answers pdf environmental pollution research environmental pollution recommendation environmental pollution research paper environmental pollution recommendation powerpoint presentation environmental pollution recommendation sci/256 environmental pollution report environmental pollution reasons environmental pollution remedies environmental pollution research topics environmental pollution research paper pdf environmental pollution statistics environmental pollution solutions llc environmental pollution statistics world environmental pollution solutions santa rosa environmental pollution speech environmental pollution submission environmental pollution slideshare environmental pollution synonyms environmental pollution social problem what s environmental pollution environmental pollution types environmental pollution topics environmental pollution today environmental pollution timeline environmental pollution thesis statement environmental pollution topic in english environmental pollution thesis environmental pollution tamil environmental pollution types pdf environmental pollution theory environmental pollution united states environmental pollution un environmental pollution upsc environmental pollution ugc environmental pollution unit 5 environmental pollution uk environmental pollution usa environmental pollution urdu language environmental pollution us environmental pollution urban areas environmental pollution video environmental pollution videos free download environmental pollution video download environmental pollution very short essay environmental pollution vocabulary environmental pollution vs industrialization environmental pollution vector environmental pollution vulnerability environmental pollution vehicles environmental pollution volume 196 environmental pollution wikipedia environmental pollution water environmental pollution worksheet pdf environmental pollution worksheet environmental pollution writing environmental pollution who environmental pollution website environmental pollution working model environmental pollution with plastic environmental pollution with pictures w manning environmental pollution xian environmental pollution environmental pollution youtube environmental pollution yahoo environmental pollution your article library environment pollution youtube environmental pollution animation youtube environmental pollution in yemen environmental pollution in your locality environmental pollution in your city environmental pollution in new york environmental pollution zambia environmental pollution in zimbabwe environmental pollution in new zealand zebrafish environmental pollution environmental pollution 1422 environmental pollution 150 words environmental pollution 157 environmental pollution 151 environmental pollution 1900 environmental pollution 1800s environment pollution 1422 essay environmental pollution 150 words environmental pollution act 1986 environmental pollution act 1990 1 minute speech on environmental pollution environmental pollution 2018 environmental pollution 2017 environmental pollution 2015 environmental pollution 2014 environmental pollution 2030 environmental pollution 2016 environmental pollution 21st century environmental pollution 2012 environment pollution 2015 environment pollution 2009 option 2 environmental pollution argument 2 kinds of environmental pollution ielts writing task 2 environmental pollution 2 minute speech on environmental pollution environmental pollution 3d understanding environmental pollution 3rd edition pdf understanding environmental pollution 3rd edition environmental pollution for class 3 environmental pollution essay in 300 words 3 environmental pollution environmental pollution essay for class 3 3 causes of environmental pollution 3 major types environmental pollution 3 examples of environmental pollution 3 effects of environmental pollution environmental pollution essay 400 words environmental pollution and control 4th edition pdf environmental pollution and control 4th edition environmental pollution for class 4 environmental pollution essay for class 4 4 types of environmental pollution 4 causes of environmental pollution sci 256 week 4 environmental pollution 4 negative effects of environmental pollution 4. environmental science and pollution research essay environmental pollution 500 words environmental pollution chapter 5 environmental pollution for class 5 environmental pollution for class 5 pdf environmental pollution essay for class 5 5 environmental pollution unit 5 environmental pollution chapter 5 environmental pollution unit 5 environmental pollution pdf 5 sources of environmental pollution 5 causes of environmental pollution 5 types of environmental pollution 5 effects of environmental pollution 5 points on environmental pollution 5 ways to reduce environmental pollution 5 minute speech on environmental pollution environmental pollution for class 6 environmental pollution essay for class 6 6 causes environmental pollution chapter 6 environmental pollution control measures environmental pollution 7. sınıf 7 environmental pollution environmental pollution essay for class 7 environmental pollution ppt for class 7 7 kinds of environmental pollution pdf environmental pollution essay for 9th class environmental pollution control act chapter 94a" border="0" data-original-height="817" data-original-width="1600" height="326" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjnFIHowEpqGPnGEyuiSRR1urpUalNqkiQwvkXT3G5kJpqZrQha1lpScZBfTB4n-Xi-955chlvenO-zOA0y8BmufM_Nwe8zqLDx4CLwV4EAs9s8g6ANYe04AVmEaokGLpLjqOrmMQfaHwHz/s640/industry-611668_1920.jpg" title="Environmental science-Environmental pollution and its types-Their causes, effects and preventions" width="640" /></a></td></tr> <tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Add caption</td></tr> </tbody></table> <h2> <span lang="EN-US"><br /></span></h2> <h2> <span lang="EN-US">Environment</span></h2> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 36.0pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-indent: -18.0pt;"> <!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;">•<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">       </span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="EN-US"><b>All living and non living factors affecting an organism and ultimately determining its form and survival is known as “ENVIRONMENT”</b></span><o:p></o:p></div> <h2> <span lang="EN-US">Environmental Pollution</span></h2> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 36.0pt; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-indent: -18.0pt;"> <!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;">•<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">       </span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span lang="EN-US">Environmental Pollution can be defined as any undesirable change in physical, chemical, or biological characteristics of  any component of the environment i.e. air, water, soil which can cause harmful effects on various forms of life or property.</span></b><o:p></o:p></div> <h3> <b><span lang="EN-US">Pollution</span></b></h3> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 36.0pt; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-indent: -18.0pt;"> <!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;">•<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">       </span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span lang="EN-US">Pollution : The term pollution can be defined as influence of any substance causing  harmful effects, and uneasiness to the organisms</span></b><o:p></o:p></div> <h4> <span lang="EN-US">Types of Pollution</span></h4> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 36.0pt; mso-list: l16 level1 lfo4; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-indent: -18.0pt;"> <!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;">•<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">       </span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="EN-US">There are many types of pollution</span><o:p></o:p></div> <ol start="1" style="margin-top: 0cm;" type="1"> <li class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US">Air pollution</span><o:p></o:p></li> <li class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US">Noise pollution</span><o:p></o:p></li> <li class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US">Water pollution</span><o:p></o:p></li> <li class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US">Soil pollution</span><o:p></o:p></li> </ol> <h3> <span lang="EN-US">What is Atmosphere</span></h3> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 36.0pt; mso-list: l24 level1 lfo6; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-indent: -18.0pt;"> <!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;">•<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">       </span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="EN-US">Atmosphere is the life blanket of Earth.</span><o:p></o:p></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 36.0pt; mso-list: l24 level1 lfo6; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-indent: -18.0pt;"> <!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;">•<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">       </span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="EN-US">Air is considered safe when it contains no harmful dust and gases</span><o:p></o:p></div> <h4> <span lang="EN-US">Air pollution</span></h4> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 36.0pt; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo7; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-indent: -18.0pt;"> <!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;">•<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">       </span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span lang="EN-US">Air pollution is the introduction of chemicals, particulate matter, or biological materials that cause harm or discomfort to humans or other living organisms, or cause damage to the natural environment or built environment, into the atmosphere</span></b><o:p></o:p></div> <h4> <b><span lang="EN-US">Causes of Air Pollution</span></b></h4> <div class="MsoNormal"> <span lang="EN-US">Major sources of Air Pollution:</span><o:p></o:p></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 36.0pt; mso-list: l15 level1 lfo8; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-indent: -18.0pt;"> <!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;">•<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">       </span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="EN-US">Industries.</span><o:p></o:p></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 36.0pt; mso-list: l15 level1 lfo8; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-indent: -18.0pt;"> <!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;">•<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">       </span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="EN-US">Automobiles and Domestic fuels</span><o:p></o:p></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 36.0pt; mso-list: l15 level1 lfo8; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-indent: -18.0pt;"> <!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;">•<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">       </span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="EN-US">High Proportion of undesirable gases, such as sulphur dioxide and carbon monoxide</span><o:p></o:p></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 36.0pt; mso-list: l15 level1 lfo8; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-indent: -18.0pt;"> <!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;">•<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">       </span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="EN-US">Dust       (e.g.       cement dust,      foundry dust and windblown solid dust)</span><o:p></o:p></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 36.0pt; mso-list: l15 level1 lfo8; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-indent: -18.0pt;"> <!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;">•<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">       </span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="EN-US">Mist.</span><o:p></o:p></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 36.0pt; mso-list: l15 level1 lfo8; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-indent: -18.0pt;"> <!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;">•<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">       </span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="EN-US">Smoke.</span><o:p></o:p></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 36.0pt; mso-list: l15 level1 lfo8; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-indent: -18.0pt;"> <!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;">•<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">       </span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="EN-US">Carbon black.</span><o:p></o:p></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 36.0pt; mso-list: l15 level1 lfo8; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-indent: -18.0pt;"> <!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;">•<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">       </span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="EN-US">Aerosols.</span><o:p></o:p></div> <h4> <b><span lang="EN-US">Effects of Air Pollution</span></b></h4> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 36.0pt; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo9; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-indent: -18.0pt;"> <!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;">•<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">       </span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="EN-US">The atmosphere as a whole.</span><o:p></o:p></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 36.0pt; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo9; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-indent: -18.0pt;"> <!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;">•<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">       </span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="EN-US">Global Warming</span><o:p></o:p></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 36.0pt; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo9; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-indent: -18.0pt;"> <!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;">•<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">       </span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="EN-US">Ozone depletion</span><o:p></o:p></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 36.0pt; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo9; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-indent: -18.0pt;"> <!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;">•<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">       </span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="EN-US">Various  respiratory illness</span><o:p></o:p></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 36.0pt; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo9; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-indent: -18.0pt;"> <!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;">•<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">       </span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="EN-US">Animals</span><o:p></o:p></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 36.0pt; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo9; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-indent: -18.0pt;"> <!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;">•<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">       </span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="EN-US">Plants </span><o:p></o:p></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 36.0pt; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo9; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-indent: -18.0pt;"> <!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;">•<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">       </span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="EN-US">Human beings</span><o:p></o:p></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 36.0pt; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo9; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-indent: -18.0pt;"> <!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;">•<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">       </span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="EN-US">Acid Rain</span><o:p></o:p></div> <h4> <span lang="EN-US">How to Avoid Air Pollution?</span></h4> <div class="MsoNormal"> <span lang="EN-US">Yes, we can avoid pollution As Follows:</span><o:p></o:p></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 36.0pt; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo10; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-indent: -18.0pt;"> <!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;">•<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">       </span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="EN-US">Use natural Gases, like LPG (Liquefied Petroleum Gas) autos.</span><o:p></o:p></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 36.0pt; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo10; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-indent: -18.0pt;"> <!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;">•<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">       </span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="EN-US">Do not Burst Crackers.</span><o:p></o:p></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 36.0pt; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo10; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-indent: -18.0pt;"> <!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;">•<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">       </span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="EN-US">Use less Amount of Fuel for Vehicles.</span><o:p></o:p></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 36.0pt; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo10; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-indent: -18.0pt;"> <!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;">•<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">       </span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="EN-US">Avoid using and use electric stoves (bio gas).</span><o:p></o:p></div> <h3> <span lang="EN-US"><br /></span></h3> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj4LzWslzTG518DAwdL0jHbf77WZng1RoMJmxbk-GIdkZSbSbBdtEP7qEZ69ZQlH0B5Sn8n3Fiwb43E5ytO-GaBuNY7D_6ZDzXQ1hbwJbn9VX5sNLeR43-lPxssPk0X3CDhNWVPdcogC6n7/s1600/pollution-1603644_1920.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img alt="environmental pollution environmental pollution is accounted for in environmental pollution definition environmental pollution centers environmental pollution agency environmental pollution abbreviation environmental pollution in texas environmental pollution essay environmental pollution articles environmental pollution solutions environmental pollution facts environmental pollution journal environmental pollution and lichens lab environmental pollution and lichens lab answers environmental pollution and health environmental pollution act environmental pollution and kidney diseases environmental pollution art environmental pollution and control an essay environmental pollution an essay environmental pollution in tamil a paragraph on environmental pollution a speech on environmental pollution a report on environmental pollution a project on environmental pollution a poster on environmental pollution a letter about environmental pollution a topic on environmental pollution a note on environmental pollution environmental pollution books environmental pollution by antibiotics and by antibiotic resistance determinants environmental pollution books pdf environmental pollution by country environmental pollution by antibiotics and antibiotic resistance genes environmental pollution by pesticides environmental pollution board environmental pollution bibliography environmental pollution by human activities environmental pollution by plastic environmental pollution causes environmental pollution caused by factories environmental pollution control environmental pollution causes and effects environmental pollution centers water pollution environmental pollution china environmental pollution chart environmental pollution current events environmental pollution caused by sugar industry rao c.s. environmental pollution control engineering environmental pollution disasters environmental pollution documentary environmental pollution data environmental pollution drawings environmental pollution diseases environmental pollution due to welding environmental pollution diagram environmental pollution day environmental pollution department environmental pollution examples environmental pollution effects environmental pollution effects on humans environmental pollution elsevier environmental pollution events environmental pollution economics environmental pollution effects on human health environmental pollution editorial board environmental pollution essay in english pdf e-waste environmental pollution environmental pollution factors environmental pollution for upsc environmental pollution for class 7 environmental pollution for speech environmental pollution from mines in the south west of england environmental pollution from industries environmental pollution form 5 environmental pollution full information environmental pollution for competitive exams environmental pollution group environmental pollution graph environmental pollution group llc environmental pollution guide for authors environmental pollution group discussion environmental pollution gases environmental pollution gk environmental pollution gktoday environmental pollution general essay environmental pollution globalization environmental pollution history environmental pollution health hazards environmental pollution hindi environmental pollution human health environmental pollution has made life environmental pollution hd images environmental pollution hazards environmental pollution health and toxicology environmental pollution hindi me environmental pollution hd photos bhatia h.s. environmental pollution & control- galgotia environmental pollution impact factor environmental pollution in california environmental pollution in china environmental pollution insurance environmental pollution issues environmental pollution images environmental pollution in india environmental pollution in africa environmental i pollution environmental pollution journal pdf environmental pollution journal ranking environmental pollution journal author guidelines environmental pollution journal abbreviation environmental pollution jobs environmental pollution journal articles environmental pollution journal twitter environmental pollution jobs in india environmental pollution journal springer william j. manning environmental pollution international j of environmental pollution impact factor international j of environmental pollution environmental pollution kit lab answers environmental pollution kinds environmental pollution kannada essay environmental pollution kavithai environmental pollution kerala environmental pollution karnataka environmental pollution kavithai in tamil environmental pollution ks2 environmental pollution korea environmental pollution kolkata environmental pollution liability insurance environmental pollution letpub environmental pollution laws environmental pollution list environmental pollution lab report environmental pollution lecture environmental pollution logo environmental pollution letter environmental pollution lesson plan environmental pollution laws in nigeria environmental pollution magazine environmental pollution map environmental pollution meaning environmental pollution mcq environmental pollution monitoring environmental pollution meaning in hindi environmental pollution model environmental pollution meaning in urdu environmental pollution monitoring and control environmental pollution management environmental pollution news environmental pollution notes environmental pollution ncert environmental pollution notes pdf environmental pollution noise environmental pollution nptel environmental pollution national geographic environmental pollution ncbi environmental pollution new york times environmental pollution ngos environment and pollution environmental pollution and its types environmental pollution often decreases biodiversity by environmental pollution organizations environmental pollution on human health environmental pollution objective questions environmental pollution objectives environmental pollution of water environmental pollution of india environmental pollution observation environmental pollution on essay environmental pollution of bangladesh environmental pollution problems environmental pollution pdf environmental pollution photos environmental pollution pictures environmental pollution ppt environmental pollution prevention environmental pollution project environmental pollution policy environmental pollution project topics environmental pollution pdf essay environmental pollution quotes environmental pollution quizlet environmental pollution quiz environmental pollution questions and answers environmental pollution quiz questions and answers environmental pollution quiz questions and answers pdf environmental pollution quotation environmental pollution question paper environmental pollution quora environmental pollution questions and answers pdf environmental pollution research environmental pollution recommendation environmental pollution research paper environmental pollution recommendation powerpoint presentation environmental pollution recommendation sci/256 environmental pollution report environmental pollution reasons environmental pollution remedies environmental pollution research topics environmental pollution research paper pdf environmental pollution statistics environmental pollution solutions llc environmental pollution statistics world environmental pollution solutions santa rosa environmental pollution speech environmental pollution submission environmental pollution slideshare environmental pollution synonyms environmental pollution social problem what s environmental pollution environmental pollution types environmental pollution topics environmental pollution today environmental pollution timeline environmental pollution thesis statement environmental pollution topic in english environmental pollution thesis environmental pollution tamil environmental pollution types pdf environmental pollution theory environmental pollution united states environmental pollution un environmental pollution upsc environmental pollution ugc environmental pollution unit 5 environmental pollution uk environmental pollution usa environmental pollution urdu language environmental pollution us environmental pollution urban areas environmental pollution video environmental pollution videos free download environmental pollution video download environmental pollution very short essay environmental pollution vocabulary environmental pollution vs industrialization environmental pollution vector environmental pollution vulnerability environmental pollution vehicles environmental pollution volume 196 environmental pollution wikipedia environmental pollution water environmental pollution worksheet pdf environmental pollution worksheet environmental pollution writing environmental pollution who environmental pollution website environmental pollution working model environmental pollution with plastic environmental pollution with pictures w manning environmental pollution xian environmental pollution environmental pollution youtube environmental pollution yahoo environmental pollution your article library environment pollution youtube environmental pollution animation youtube environmental pollution in yemen environmental pollution in your locality environmental pollution in your city environmental pollution in new york environmental pollution zambia environmental pollution in zimbabwe environmental pollution in new zealand zebrafish environmental pollution environmental pollution 1422 environmental pollution 150 words environmental pollution 157 environmental pollution 151 environmental pollution 1900 environmental pollution 1800s environment pollution 1422 essay environmental pollution 150 words environmental pollution act 1986 environmental pollution act 1990 1 minute speech on environmental pollution environmental pollution 2018 environmental pollution 2017 environmental pollution 2015 environmental pollution 2014 environmental pollution 2030 environmental pollution 2016 environmental pollution 21st century environmental pollution 2012 environment pollution 2015 environment pollution 2009 option 2 environmental pollution argument 2 kinds of environmental pollution ielts writing task 2 environmental pollution 2 minute speech on environmental pollution environmental pollution 3d understanding environmental pollution 3rd edition pdf understanding environmental pollution 3rd edition environmental pollution for class 3 environmental pollution essay in 300 words 3 environmental pollution environmental pollution essay for class 3 3 causes of environmental pollution 3 major types environmental pollution 3 examples of environmental pollution 3 effects of environmental pollution environmental pollution essay 400 words environmental pollution and control 4th edition pdf environmental pollution and control 4th edition environmental pollution for class 4 environmental pollution essay for class 4 4 types of environmental pollution 4 causes of environmental pollution sci 256 week 4 environmental pollution 4 negative effects of environmental pollution 4. environmental science and pollution research essay environmental pollution 500 words environmental pollution chapter 5 environmental pollution for class 5 environmental pollution for class 5 pdf environmental pollution essay for class 5 5 environmental pollution unit 5 environmental pollution chapter 5 environmental pollution unit 5 environmental pollution pdf 5 sources of environmental pollution 5 causes of environmental pollution 5 types of environmental pollution 5 effects of environmental pollution 5 points on environmental pollution 5 ways to reduce environmental pollution 5 minute speech on environmental pollution environmental pollution for class 6 environmental pollution essay for class 6 6 causes environmental pollution chapter 6 environmental pollution control measures environmental pollution 7. sınıf 7 environmental pollution environmental pollution essay for class 7 environmental pollution ppt for class 7 7 kinds of environmental pollution pdf environmental pollution essay for 9th class environmental pollution control act chapter 94a" border="0" data-original-height="1217" data-original-width="1600" height="243" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj4LzWslzTG518DAwdL0jHbf77WZng1RoMJmxbk-GIdkZSbSbBdtEP7qEZ69ZQlH0B5Sn8n3Fiwb43E5ytO-GaBuNY7D_6ZDzXQ1hbwJbn9VX5sNLeR43-lPxssPk0X3CDhNWVPdcogC6n7/s320/pollution-1603644_1920.jpg" title="Water pollution" width="320" /></a></div> <h3> <span lang="EN-US">Water pollution</span></h3> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 36.0pt; mso-list: l21 level1 lfo11; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-indent: -18.0pt;"> <!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;">•<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">       </span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="EN-US">Any physical (temperature, oxygen), chemical (mercury), or biological (disease, sewage) change to water that adversely affects its use by alive beings</span></b></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 36.0pt; mso-list: l21 level1 lfo11; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-indent: -18.0pt;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 36.0pt; mso-list: l21 level1 lfo11; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-indent: -18.0pt;"> <o:p></o:p></div> <h4> <span lang="EN-US">      Effects of water pollution</span></h4> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 36.0pt; mso-list: l14 level1 lfo12; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-indent: -18.0pt;"> <!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;">•<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">       </span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="EN-US">Diseases like Cholera.</span><o:p></o:p></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 36.0pt; mso-list: l14 level1 lfo12; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-indent: -18.0pt;"> <!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;">•<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">       </span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="EN-US">Malaria. </span><o:p></o:p></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 36.0pt; mso-list: l14 level1 lfo12; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-indent: -18.0pt;"> <!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;">•<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">       </span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="EN-US">Typhoid (spread during the rainy season).</span><o:p></o:p></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 36.0pt; mso-list: l14 level1 lfo12; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-indent: -18.0pt;"> <!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;">•<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">       </span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="EN-US">Aquatic life          gets destroyed.</span></div> <h4 style="margin-left: 36.0pt; mso-list: l14 level1 lfo12; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-indent: -18.0pt;"> <b><span lang="EN-US">How to Avoid Water Pollution</span></b></h4> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 18.0pt;"> <o:p></o:p></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 36.0pt; mso-list: l14 level1 lfo12; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-indent: -18.0pt;"> <!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;">•<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">       </span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="EN-US">Rivers should not be used for washing clothes or bathing animals in.</span><o:p></o:p></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 36.0pt; mso-list: l14 level1 lfo12; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-indent: -18.0pt;"> <!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;">•<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">       </span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="EN-US">Harvesting of Rainwater to meet water requirements</span><o:p></o:p></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 36.0pt; mso-list: l14 level1 lfo12; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-indent: -18.0pt;"> <!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;">•<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">       </span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="EN-US">Dams  must be created.</span><o:p></o:p></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 36.0pt; mso-list: l14 level1 lfo12; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-indent: -18.0pt;"> <!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;">•<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">       </span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="EN-US">The rivers must not be contaminated.</span><o:p></o:p></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 36.0pt; mso-list: l14 level1 lfo12; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-indent: -18.0pt;"> <!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;">•<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">       </span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="EN-US">In rivers the dead bodies shouldn’t thrown.</span><o:p></o:p></div> <h3> <span lang="EN-US">NOISE POLLUTION</span></h3> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 36.0pt; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo13; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-indent: -18.0pt;"> <!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;">•<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">       </span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="EN-US">Noise can be simply defined as unwanted sound.</span><o:p></o:p></b></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 36.0pt; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo13; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-indent: -18.0pt;"> <!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;">•<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">       </span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="EN-US">The sound is pleasant or not depends upon its loudness, duration, rhythm and the mood of the person.</span><o:p></o:p></b></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 36.0pt; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo13; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-indent: -18.0pt;"> <!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;">•<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">       </span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="EN-US">Noise pollution not only results in irritation and anger.</span><o:p></o:p></b></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 36.0pt; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo13; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-indent: -18.0pt;"> <!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;">•<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">       </span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="EN-US">Noise Levels: Decibels (dB)</span><o:p></o:p></b></div> <div class="MsoNormal"> <b><span lang="EN-US">•Intensity</span><o:p></o:p></b></div> <div class="MsoNormal"> <b><span lang="EN-US">•Frequency</span><o:p></o:p></b></div> <div class="MsoNormal"> <b><span lang="EN-US">•Periods of exposure and</span><o:p></o:p></b></div> <div class="MsoNormal"> <span lang="EN-US"><b>•Duration</b></span><o:p></o:p></div> <h4> <span lang="EN-US">Causes of Noise Pollution</span></h4> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 36.0pt; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo14; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-indent: -18.0pt;"> <!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;">•<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">       </span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="EN-US">Traffic Noise.</span><o:p></o:p></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 36.0pt; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo14; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-indent: -18.0pt;"> <!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;">•<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">       </span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="EN-US">Aircraft Noise.</span><o:p></o:p></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 36.0pt; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo14; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-indent: -18.0pt;"> <!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;">•<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">       </span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="EN-US">Noise from construction and civil engineering works.</span><o:p></o:p></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 36.0pt; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo14; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-indent: -18.0pt;"> <!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;">•<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">       </span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="EN-US">Noise from the Industries.</span><o:p></o:p></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 36.0pt; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo14; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-indent: -18.0pt;"> <!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;">•<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">       </span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="EN-US">Noise from other sources.</span><o:p></o:p></div> <h4> <b><span lang="EN-US">Effects of Noise Pollution</span></b></h4> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 36.0pt; mso-list: l18 level1 lfo15; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-indent: -18.0pt;"> <!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;">•<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">       </span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="EN-US">Hearing Loss.</span><o:p></o:p></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 36.0pt; mso-list: l18 level1 lfo15; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-indent: -18.0pt;"> <!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;">•<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">       </span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="EN-US">High Blood Pressure.</span><o:p></o:p></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 36.0pt; mso-list: l18 level1 lfo15; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-indent: -18.0pt;"> <!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;">•<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">       </span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="EN-US">Stress.</span><o:p></o:p></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 36.0pt; mso-list: l18 level1 lfo15; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-indent: -18.0pt;"> <!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;">•<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">       </span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="EN-US">Sleep Disturbance.</span><o:p></o:p></div> <h4> <span lang="EN-US">How to Avoid Noise Pollution</span></h4> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 36.0pt; mso-list: l11 level1 lfo16; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-indent: -18.0pt;"> <!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;">•<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">       </span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="EN-US">The Government should ensure the new machines that Should be noise proof.</span><o:p></o:p></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 36.0pt; mso-list: l11 level1 lfo16; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-indent: -18.0pt;"> <!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;">•<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">       </span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="EN-US">Airports must be away from residential area.</span><o:p></o:p></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 36.0pt; mso-list: l11 level1 lfo16; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-indent: -18.0pt;"> <!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;">•<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">       </span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="EN-US">The Sound horn symbol is to be in School Roads.</span><o:p></o:p></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 36.0pt; mso-list: l11 level1 lfo16; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-indent: -18.0pt;"> <!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;">•<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">       </span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="EN-US">Control noise at source by proper choice of equipment, design modification, mounting and proper layout.</span><o:p></o:p></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 36.0pt; mso-list: l11 level1 lfo16; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-indent: -18.0pt;"> <!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;">•<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">       </span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="EN-US">Isolation or use of baffles.</span><o:p></o:p></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 36.0pt; mso-list: l11 level1 lfo16; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-indent: -18.0pt;"> <!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;">•<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">       </span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="EN-US">Use of ear protection devices.</span><o:p></o:p></div> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjOcSRVxcQ96oHQQvdiLge9albRI9Oz_DG8F-M1CmVrgcgDxRd9T-F3DSGDFWlosNzYE45zS3LFDXYj9-pgMfVyjfxjLOO1kIIshC9M5nIOce5ZjyLtWwTUBzsusIa2H3aFoofFTEvCOJCT/s1600/bottles-3302316_1920.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img alt="environmental pollution environmental pollution is accounted for in environmental pollution definition environmental pollution centers environmental pollution agency environmental pollution abbreviation environmental pollution in texas environmental pollution essay environmental pollution articles environmental pollution solutions environmental pollution facts environmental pollution journal environmental pollution and lichens lab environmental pollution and lichens lab answers environmental pollution and health environmental pollution act environmental pollution and kidney diseases environmental pollution art environmental pollution and control an essay environmental pollution an essay environmental pollution in tamil a paragraph on environmental pollution a speech on environmental pollution a report on environmental pollution a project on environmental pollution a poster on environmental pollution a letter about environmental pollution a topic on environmental pollution a note on environmental pollution environmental pollution books environmental pollution by antibiotics and by antibiotic resistance determinants environmental pollution books pdf environmental pollution by country environmental pollution by antibiotics and antibiotic resistance genes environmental pollution by pesticides environmental pollution board environmental pollution bibliography environmental pollution by human activities environmental pollution by plastic environmental pollution causes environmental pollution caused by factories environmental pollution control environmental pollution causes and effects environmental pollution centers water pollution environmental pollution china environmental pollution chart environmental pollution current events environmental pollution caused by sugar industry rao c.s. environmental pollution control engineering environmental pollution disasters environmental pollution documentary environmental pollution data environmental pollution drawings environmental pollution diseases environmental pollution due to welding environmental pollution diagram environmental pollution day environmental pollution department environmental pollution examples environmental pollution effects environmental pollution effects on humans environmental pollution elsevier environmental pollution events environmental pollution economics environmental pollution effects on human health environmental pollution editorial board environmental pollution essay in english pdf e-waste environmental pollution environmental pollution factors environmental pollution for upsc environmental pollution for class 7 environmental pollution for speech environmental pollution from mines in the south west of england environmental pollution from industries environmental pollution form 5 environmental pollution full information environmental pollution for competitive exams environmental pollution group environmental pollution graph environmental pollution group llc environmental pollution guide for authors environmental pollution group discussion environmental pollution gases environmental pollution gk environmental pollution gktoday environmental pollution general essay environmental pollution globalization environmental pollution history environmental pollution health hazards environmental pollution hindi environmental pollution human health environmental pollution has made life environmental pollution hd images environmental pollution hazards environmental pollution health and toxicology environmental pollution hindi me environmental pollution hd photos bhatia h.s. environmental pollution & control- galgotia environmental pollution impact factor environmental pollution in california environmental pollution in china environmental pollution insurance environmental pollution issues environmental pollution images environmental pollution in india environmental pollution in africa environmental i pollution environmental pollution journal pdf environmental pollution journal ranking environmental pollution journal author guidelines environmental pollution journal abbreviation environmental pollution jobs environmental pollution journal articles environmental pollution journal twitter environmental pollution jobs in india environmental pollution journal springer william j. manning environmental pollution international j of environmental pollution impact factor international j of environmental pollution environmental pollution kit lab answers environmental pollution kinds environmental pollution kannada essay environmental pollution kavithai environmental pollution kerala environmental pollution karnataka environmental pollution kavithai in tamil environmental pollution ks2 environmental pollution korea environmental pollution kolkata environmental pollution liability insurance environmental pollution letpub environmental pollution laws environmental pollution list environmental pollution lab report environmental pollution lecture environmental pollution logo environmental pollution letter environmental pollution lesson plan environmental pollution laws in nigeria environmental pollution magazine environmental pollution map environmental pollution meaning environmental pollution mcq environmental pollution monitoring environmental pollution meaning in hindi environmental pollution model environmental pollution meaning in urdu environmental pollution monitoring and control environmental pollution management environmental pollution news environmental pollution notes environmental pollution ncert environmental pollution notes pdf environmental pollution noise environmental pollution nptel environmental pollution national geographic environmental pollution ncbi environmental pollution new york times environmental pollution ngos environment and pollution environmental pollution and its types environmental pollution often decreases biodiversity by environmental pollution organizations environmental pollution on human health environmental pollution objective questions environmental pollution objectives environmental pollution of water environmental pollution of india environmental pollution observation environmental pollution on essay environmental pollution of bangladesh environmental pollution problems environmental pollution pdf environmental pollution photos environmental pollution pictures environmental pollution ppt environmental pollution prevention environmental pollution project environmental pollution policy environmental pollution project topics environmental pollution pdf essay environmental pollution quotes environmental pollution quizlet environmental pollution quiz environmental pollution questions and answers environmental pollution quiz questions and answers environmental pollution quiz questions and answers pdf environmental pollution quotation environmental pollution question paper environmental pollution quora environmental pollution questions and answers pdf environmental pollution research environmental pollution recommendation environmental pollution research paper environmental pollution recommendation powerpoint presentation environmental pollution recommendation sci/256 environmental pollution report environmental pollution reasons environmental pollution remedies environmental pollution research topics environmental pollution research paper pdf environmental pollution statistics environmental pollution solutions llc environmental pollution statistics world environmental pollution solutions santa rosa environmental pollution speech environmental pollution submission environmental pollution slideshare environmental pollution synonyms environmental pollution social problem what s environmental pollution environmental pollution types environmental pollution topics environmental pollution today environmental pollution timeline environmental pollution thesis statement environmental pollution topic in english environmental pollution thesis environmental pollution tamil environmental pollution types pdf environmental pollution theory environmental pollution united states environmental pollution un environmental pollution upsc environmental pollution ugc environmental pollution unit 5 environmental pollution uk environmental pollution usa environmental pollution urdu language environmental pollution us environmental pollution urban areas environmental pollution video environmental pollution videos free download environmental pollution video download environmental pollution very short essay environmental pollution vocabulary environmental pollution vs industrialization environmental pollution vector environmental pollution vulnerability environmental pollution vehicles environmental pollution volume 196 environmental pollution wikipedia environmental pollution water environmental pollution worksheet pdf environmental pollution worksheet environmental pollution writing environmental pollution who environmental pollution website environmental pollution working model environmental pollution with plastic environmental pollution with pictures w manning environmental pollution xian environmental pollution environmental pollution youtube environmental pollution yahoo environmental pollution your article library environment pollution youtube environmental pollution animation youtube environmental pollution in yemen environmental pollution in your locality environmental pollution in your city environmental pollution in new york environmental pollution zambia environmental pollution in zimbabwe environmental pollution in new zealand zebrafish environmental pollution environmental pollution 1422 environmental pollution 150 words environmental pollution 157 environmental pollution 151 environmental pollution 1900 environmental pollution 1800s environment pollution 1422 essay environmental pollution 150 words environmental pollution act 1986 environmental pollution act 1990 1 minute speech on environmental pollution environmental pollution 2018 environmental pollution 2017 environmental pollution 2015 environmental pollution 2014 environmental pollution 2030 environmental pollution 2016 environmental pollution 21st century environmental pollution 2012 environment pollution 2015 environment pollution 2009 option 2 environmental pollution argument 2 kinds of environmental pollution ielts writing task 2 environmental pollution 2 minute speech on environmental pollution environmental pollution 3d understanding environmental pollution 3rd edition pdf understanding environmental pollution 3rd edition environmental pollution for class 3 environmental pollution essay in 300 words 3 environmental pollution environmental pollution essay for class 3 3 causes of environmental pollution 3 major types environmental pollution 3 examples of environmental pollution 3 effects of environmental pollution environmental pollution essay 400 words environmental pollution and control 4th edition pdf environmental pollution and control 4th edition environmental pollution for class 4 environmental pollution essay for class 4 4 types of environmental pollution 4 causes of environmental pollution sci 256 week 4 environmental pollution 4 negative effects of environmental pollution 4. environmental science and pollution research essay environmental pollution 500 words environmental pollution chapter 5 environmental pollution for class 5 environmental pollution for class 5 pdf environmental pollution essay for class 5 5 environmental pollution unit 5 environmental pollution chapter 5 environmental pollution unit 5 environmental pollution pdf 5 sources of environmental pollution 5 causes of environmental pollution 5 types of environmental pollution 5 effects of environmental pollution 5 points on environmental pollution 5 ways to reduce environmental pollution 5 minute speech on environmental pollution environmental pollution for class 6 environmental pollution essay for class 6 6 causes environmental pollution chapter 6 environmental pollution control measures environmental pollution 7. sınıf 7 environmental pollution environmental pollution essay for class 7 environmental pollution ppt for class 7 7 kinds of environmental pollution pdf environmental pollution essay for 9th class environmental pollution control act chapter 94a" border="0" data-original-height="1066" data-original-width="1600" height="213" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjOcSRVxcQ96oHQQvdiLge9albRI9Oz_DG8F-M1CmVrgcgDxRd9T-F3DSGDFWlosNzYE45zS3LFDXYj9-pgMfVyjfxjLOO1kIIshC9M5nIOce5ZjyLtWwTUBzsusIa2H3aFoofFTEvCOJCT/s320/bottles-3302316_1920.jpg" title="land pollution" width="320" /></a></div> <h3> <span lang="EN-US"><br /></span></h3> <h3> <span lang="EN-US">LAND POLLUTION</span></h3> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 36.0pt; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo17; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-indent: -18.0pt;"> <!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;">•<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">       </span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="EN-US">One fourth of area is covered by land.</span><o:p></o:p></b></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 36.0pt; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo17; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-indent: -18.0pt;"> <!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;">•<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">       </span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="EN-US">Land is a earth which is occupied by people for shelter, occupation, etc...</span></b><o:p></o:p></div> <h4> <span lang="EN-US">Causes of Land Pollution</span></h4> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 36.0pt; mso-list: l12 level1 lfo18; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-indent: -18.0pt;"> <!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;">•<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">       </span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="EN-US">We         can classify major sources in the following Categories:</span><o:p></o:p></div> <div class="MsoNormal"> <span lang="EN-US">•Mining& Erosion.</span><o:p></o:p></div> <div class="MsoNormal"> <span lang="EN-US">•Household Garbage.</span><o:p></o:p></div> <div class="MsoNormal"> <span lang="EN-US">•Urbanization and Concentration of Population.</span><o:p></o:p></div> <div class="MsoNormal"> <span lang="EN-US">•Municipal Solid Waste.</span><o:p></o:p></div> <div class="MsoNormal"> <span lang="EN-US">•Industrial Waste and Hazardous Waste.</span><o:p></o:p></div> <div class="MsoNormal"> <span lang="EN-US">•Uncontrolled Land Treatment.</span><o:p></o:p></div> <div class="MsoNormal"> <span lang="EN-US">•Burning open dumps and forest fires.</span><o:p></o:p></div> <div class="MsoNormal"> <span lang="EN-US">•Deforestation.</span><o:p></o:p></div> <h4> <b><span lang="EN-US">Effects of Land Pollution</span></b></h4> <div class="MsoNormal"> <span lang="EN-US">•The Land Cannot use to build houses.</span><o:p></o:p></div> <div class="MsoNormal"> <span lang="EN-US">•Man cannot be farming.</span><o:p></o:p></div> <div class="MsoNormal"> <span lang="EN-US">•Ground water will gets Affected.</span><o:p></o:p></div> <div class="MsoNormal"> <span lang="EN-US">•Death of the animals that inhabit the land.</span><o:p></o:p></div> <div class="MsoNormal"> <span lang="EN-US">Prevention of Land Pollution<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal"> <span lang="EN-US">•More and more land should be brought under farming.</span><o:p></o:p></div> <div class="MsoNormal"> <span lang="EN-US">•Trees should be planted everywhere.</span><o:p></o:p></div> <div class="MsoNormal"> <span lang="EN-US">•Waste matter should be disposed immediately.</span><o:p></o:p></div> <div class="MsoNormal"> <span lang="EN-US">•Avoid drilling the Land for more underground water.</span><o:p></o:p></div> <div class="MsoNormal"> <span lang="EN-US">•Avoid using more fertilizers and Pesticides</span><o:p></o:p></div> <div class="MsoNormal"> <span lang="EN-US">•Good agricultural practices.</span><o:p></o:p></div> <div class="MsoNormal"> <span lang="EN-US">•Remediation of polluted soils.</span><o:p></o:p></div> <h2> <span lang="EN-US">Climate change</span></h2> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 36.0pt; mso-list: l20 level1 lfo19; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-indent: -18.0pt;"> <!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;">•<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">       </span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="EN-US">The climate of Earth change day by day.</span><o:p></o:p></b></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 36.0pt; mso-list: l20 level1 lfo19; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-indent: -18.0pt;"> <!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;">•<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">       </span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="EN-US">Due to Climate change  the tempe</span></b></div> <br /> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> </div> <br /> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> </div> <b>rature of earth  is increasing  day by day.<o:p></o:p></b><br /> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 36.0pt; mso-list: l20 level1 lfo19; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-indent: -18.0pt;"> <!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;">•<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">       </span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="EN-US">Climate change is increasing the frequency and intensity of natural events like:</span><o:p></o:p></b></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 36.0pt; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo20; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-indent: -18.0pt;"> <!--[if !supportLists]--><b>a)<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">       </span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="EN-US">Wild fires</span><o:p></o:p></b></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 36.0pt; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo20; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-indent: -18.0pt;"> <!--[if !supportLists]--><b>b)<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">      </span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="EN-US">Heat waves</span><o:p></o:p></b></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 36.0pt; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo20; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-indent: -18.0pt;"> <!--[if !supportLists]--><b>c)<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">       </span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="EN-US">Rain stromes</span></b><o:p></o:p></div> <h4> <span lang="EN-US">Effect of climate change:</span></h4> <div class="MsoNormal"> <o:p></o:p></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 36.0pt; mso-list: l22 level1 lfo21; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-indent: -18.0pt;"> <!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;">•<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">       </span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="EN-US">Disturb food production</span><o:p></o:p></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 36.0pt; mso-list: l22 level1 lfo21; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-indent: -18.0pt;"> <!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;">•<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">       </span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="EN-US">Causes of famines</span><o:p></o:p></div> <h2> <span lang="EN-US">Water crisis</span></h2> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 36.0pt; mso-list: l19 level1 lfo22; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-indent: -18.0pt;"> <!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-weight: bold;">•<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">       </span></span><!--[endif]--><b><span dir="LTR"></span></b><span lang="EN-US"><b>Only 2.5 % is fresh water present on the earth for the animals ,plants and for people.</b></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 36.0pt; mso-list: l19 level1 lfo22; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-indent: -18.0pt;"> <b>''The shortage of water at a particular area is called Water crisis.''</b></div> <h4> <span lang="EN-US">Causes</span></h4> <div class="MsoNormal"> <o:p></o:p></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 36.0pt; mso-list: l17 level1 lfo23; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-indent: -18.0pt;"> <!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;">•<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">       </span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="EN-US">Overuse of water</span><o:p></o:p></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 36.0pt; mso-list: l17 level1 lfo23; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-indent: -18.0pt;"> <!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;">•<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">       </span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="EN-US">70% water is use for agriculture</span><o:p></o:p></div> <h4> <span lang="EN-US">Effects</span></h4> <div class="MsoNormal"> <o:p></o:p></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 36.0pt; mso-list: l23 level1 lfo24; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-indent: -18.0pt;"> <!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;">•<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">       </span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="EN-US">Physical illness in people &also in animals.</span><o:p></o:p></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 36.0pt; mso-list: l23 level1 lfo24; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-indent: -18.0pt;"> <!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;">•<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">       </span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="EN-US">Increasing in the death rate</span><o:p></o:p></div> <h2> <b><span lang="EN-US">Global Warming On The Rise</span></b></h2> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 36.0pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo25; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-indent: -18.0pt;"> <!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;">•<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">       </span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="EN-US">Global warming is rapid increase in the temperature of earth's atmosphere and oceans in the past few years.</span><o:p></o:p></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 36.0pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo25; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-indent: -18.0pt;"> <!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;">•<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">       </span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="EN-US">The negative effects of Global warming are heat waves, unusual warm weather, ocean warming, rise in sea level, and coastal flooding.</span><o:p></o:p></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 36.0pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo25; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-indent: -18.0pt;"> <!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;">•<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">       </span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="EN-US">Melting of the glaciers which have proven to be extremely dangerous. </span><o:p></o:p></div> <br /> <div class="MsoNormal"> <br /></div>

Environmental science-Environmental pollution and its types-Their causes, effects and preventions

Add caption Environment •        All living and non living factors affecting an organism and ultimately determining its form and su...

+ Read more »